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Lecture 13 & McClelland Reading

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
semantic tasks are   show
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semantic info is   show
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semantic task performance is thought to depend on a mediating process of categorization where there exists   show
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show access to relevant category representations  
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categorization based approaches lie   show
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the 3 constructs that are frequently invoked in categorization based theories to explain empirical data are   show
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show directs the sharing of info across related concepts at different levels of abstraction  
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show info that is accessed directly & not by means of spreading activation in the processing hierarchy  
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category prototypes are   show
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the 3 constructs used in categorization based theories offer   show
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show such that exemplars of one category must also be members of another & these class inclusion constraints can be described by a taxonomic hierarchy  
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show the observation that category membership at each level entails a # of properties that are shared by the members of the more specific included categories  
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show permitted the activation of a category representation to spread to taxonomically superordinate concepts & this model provided a mechanism for property inheritance & generalization of new knowledge  
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show violate the predictions of the taxonomic hierarchy model  
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show pattern of deficits in cases of progressing fluent aphasia or semantic dementia  
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show the progressive deterioration of semantic knowledge while other cognitive faculties remain relatively spared  
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show info about specific categories at the bottom of the taxonomy  
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studies by Cambridge group show that semantic dementia patients exhibit   show
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the structure apparent in impair performance of semantic tasks reveals   show
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show the first to be activated during access & the first to be acquired in development  
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Neil used children's responses to the judgement or propositions & their negations to construct predictability trees which   show
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concepts on predictability trees occupy the same node if   show
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show influence of general category membership on the processing of more specific category info  
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info stored with more general representations can determine   show
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illusory correlations are   show
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show the frequency objects & properties co-occur across a particular set of events  
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subjects persist in the belief that particular objects/properties have occurred together frequently even with   show
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show categorize objects at general level of animate/inanimate & attributed typical properties to unfamiliar stimuli  
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show basic level of categorization  
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show identify objects at basic level  
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Roach et al. demonstrated that at the basic level subjects   show
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show the cognitive system exploits representations that correspond to into-rich bundles of co-occurring attributes in the environment  
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show special statistical properties  
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Murphy & Lassaline describe basic categories as   show
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show their exemplars have little in common  
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show they have few distinguishing characteristics  
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show share many properties with each other& few with contrasting categories & are considered to be particularly useful  
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Rosch proposed that cognitive faculties develop to take advantage of the basic level structure by   show
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what constitutes the basic level reflects   show
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show typical members but not atypical  
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show entry point into a taxonomic processing hierarchy  
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show only its basic category representation  
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show must be retrieved by means of spreading activation in the taxonomy  
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privileged access theories introduce   show
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show info stored at more general/specific levels of abstraction is only accessible through the prior activation of base-level concept representations  
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show reside at same level of taxonomic specificity for all exemplars & might be found at a more specific level of the hierarchy for atypical instances  
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show increasing expertise in a domain which suggests that such effects are in part constrained by experience  
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show subordinate level in their domain & novices prefer to name at basic-level  
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experts in a given domain may derive somewhat different conceptions about how   show
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show the details of the experience we have within the categories  
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show primacy over the most general level  
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show family resemblances  
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show occur in clusters  
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show forming summary representations of categories that correspond to clusters of correlated attributes in the environment  
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show graded (some objects are better examples of categories than others)  
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show verify than good/typical members  
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show a prototypical set of descriptors that are generally, but not necessarily, true of the category's exemplars  
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time taken to classify a given instances is inversely proportional to   show
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show natural categories are represented by summary descriptions that are abstracted through exposure to instances in the environment  
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show the category with the closest match under some measure of similarity  
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in prototypes theory the time taken to perform assignment depends upon   show
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Mervis extended prototype theory to account for   show
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show a small # of properties relative to adult category prototypes  
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show effect of typicality on reaction times in category & property-verification tasks over-extension of familiar names to inappropriate but related objects in lexical acquisition & dementia & inappropriate restriction during early word learning  
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show how more general category membership can influence categorization processing at more specific levels  
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hierarchically organized processing models will have difficulty explaining   show
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categorization-based theories face further challenges from   show
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basic tenet of theory-theory approach is that   show
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show "nice theories" are  
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the key function of the theory-theory approach is to   show
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in the TLC model a node inherits   show
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show reverse distance effects typicality effects basic level effects  
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show not s strict hierarchy because concepts can be associated via a direct link & connections vary in length  
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show the strength of the relationship  
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properties in the original TLC are given by   show
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show spreading activation  
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show a person is faster to respond to a lexical decision task if it was preceded by a related word  
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