RM Test 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| T or F: Humans can rely solely on intuition and common sense | show 🗑
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| What 3 phenomena illustrate that humans cannot rely solely on intuition and common sense? | show 🗑
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| What is hindsight bias? | show 🗑
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| show | People tend to think they know more than they do
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| What does perceiving order in random events have to do with limits to intuition and common sense? | show 🗑
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| show | Supports questions about behavior and mental processes (such as "What do you mean? How do you know?)
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| What is the scientific method? | show 🗑
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| show | An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events
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| What is a hypothesis? | show 🗑
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| show | A definition of a variable or construct in terms of exactly how it will be measured
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| What is replication in terms of the scientific method? | show 🗑
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| show | Science is falsifiable, has the ability to be disproven, whereas pseudoscience is not falsifiable
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| show | The assignment of scores to individuals so that the scores represent some characteristic of the individuals
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| show | The measurement of psychological variables and constructs (ex. Rosenberg's Self Esteem Scale)
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| What are constructs (latent variables)? | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| What are the 3 types of measure? | show 🗑
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| What are self-report measures? | show 🗑
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| show | Researcher observes and records some aspect of participant's behavior
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| What are physiological measures? | show 🗑
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| What are the 4 levels/scales of measurement? | show 🗑
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| What is the nominal level of measurement? | show 🗑
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| show | Involves rank ordering individuals (don't know the difference between values) (ex. Likert scales)
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| What is the interval level of measurment? | show 🗑
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| What is the ratio level of measurement? | show 🗑
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| What is reliability? | show 🗑
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| show | The extent to which scores on a measure are consistent across time for the same individual
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| What is internal consistency? | show 🗑
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| show | A type of internal consistency, it is the correlation betweem scores based on one half of the items on a multiple-item measure with scores based on the other half of the items to ensure that they remain consistent
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| What is interrater reliability? | show 🗑
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| What is validity? | show 🗑
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| show | Does it look valid? (the sniff test)
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| show | Does it measure all aspects of the construct it is measuring?
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| What is criterion validity? | show 🗑
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| show | How dissimilar is the measure compared to other constructs' measures? (ex. openness v. extraversion)
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| show | How people react when being measured
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| What is socially desirable responding? | show 🗑
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| What are demand characteristics? | show 🗑
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| show | Guttman's Mapping Sentence
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| show | It takes a theorist's statement and breaks it down into measurable components
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| show | A logistic (probabilistic) model of dichtomous outcomes (only one step between levels)
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| What is a Rating Scale Model? | show 🗑
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| show | Allows for different size steps/gaps in ability between levels (think of a ladder with different size spaces between rungs)
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| What does DIF stand for? | show 🗑
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| show | DIF refers to the situation in which members from different groups (age, gender, race, education, culture) on the same level of the latent trait have a different probability of giving a certain response to a particular item
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| What is an experiment? | show 🗑
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| What is descriptive research? | show 🗑
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| What are the 3 main features of an experiment? | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| What are the correct ways to manipulate the IV? | show 🗑
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| What are extraneous variables? | show 🗑
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| Should extraneous variables be held constant or can they change? | show 🗑
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| What is a confounding variable? | show 🗑
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| What is the purpose of an interview? (2) | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| show | During an interview, asking the participant what they were thinking when they answered the last question (good for pilot work on questionnaires and demonstrating validity)
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| What are probing questions? | show 🗑
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| How to ask the right probing questions? (3) | show 🗑
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| show | Research methods that do not meet all three of the criteria of an experiment
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| T or F: nonexperimental research is of lower value than experimental research. | show 🗑
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| show | single-variable research, correlational research, quasi-experimental research, and qualitative research
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| show | The IV is not manipulated and there is no random assignment
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| What happens to the IV and is there random assignment in a quasi-experimental research study? | show 🗑
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| show | Description of a single variable (ex. Milgram's obedience study)
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| show | Internal validity is comprimised because extraneous varaibles are not held constant
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| show | Correlational (low), quasi-experimental (moderate), and experimental (high)
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| What is correlational research? | show 🗑
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| show | 1) Do not think that the relationship is causal (no manipulation of the IV)
2) Variables can be quantitative or categorical (ex. relationship between gender (categorical) and verbal fluency (quantitative)
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| show | 1) Naturalistic observation
2) Archival data
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| show | Making observations in a natural environment and utilizes coding
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| show | Target behaviors are specified and then watched for (inter-rater reliability is key here)
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| show | Using data that has already been collected for another purpose...involves content analysis
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| What does "quasi" mean? | show 🗑
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| show | When the independent variable is manipulated, but there is no random assignment...typically used when random assignment is impossible or very difficult
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| show | 1) Nonequivalent groups design
2) Pretest-posttest design
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| What is a nonequivalent groups design? | show 🗑
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| What is a pretest-posttest design? | show 🗑
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| show | History, Maturation, Regression to the mean, and Spontaneous Remission
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Created by:
ndimarco31
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