Review for Midterms
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| something in common | Commun
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| – understanding | Ication
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| a common understanding of something (Chase & Shamo, 2013, p. 6) - The simultaneous sharing and creating of meaning through human symbolic interaction (Seiler and Beall) | Communication
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| A systematic process in which symbols to create and interpret mean (Wood, 2004) | Communication
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| -process of creating and sharing meaning by using verbal and nonverbal symbols in varied contexts | Communication
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| The Process of Communication - ENUMERATE |
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| – sender of the message | Source
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| – the information you want to convey | Message
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| – the process of converting your idea or thoughts of the information into verbal and/or nonverbal symbols that can be understood by the receiver of the message | Encoding
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| the manner in which your message or information is conveyed. It may done through face – to – face conversation, telephone call, video conference or written communication (text message, email, letter, memorandum, report | Channel
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| – the receiver’s mental processing of your message into the meaning suggested by the verbal and/or nonverbal symbols you use as sender | Decoding
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| – the person or group of people who will get your | Receiver
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| – the receiver’s response to your message | Feedback
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| – the situation in which the communication tak | Context
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| Elements of Communication - ENUMERATE |
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| – who the source is | Sender
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| – what the idea being communicated say | Message
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| – through what medium the message is relay | Channel
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| – to whom it is directed | Receiver
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| – what the desired result of the communicatio | Effect
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| TYPES OF NEEDS SERVED BY COMMUNICATION - ENUMERATE |
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| – helps us maintain physical and mental well be | Physical Needs
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| – helps us form social and personal relations | Relational Needs
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| – helps us figure out who we are and who we want to be | Identity Needs
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| – share beliefs and values with others | Spiritual Needs
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| – helps us accomplish many day-to-day tasks | Instrumental Needs
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| 3 MODELS OF HUMAN COMMUNICATION - ENUMERATE |
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| a one-way process where a source initiates communication by encoding a message and conveying or transmitting it through a communication channel for a receiver to decode. For example, you want to inform a friend that you will be late for your mee | Communication as action
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| - includes all the same elements in the action model: source, message, channel, receiver, noise, encoding & decoding and adds: feedback and context. | Communication as Interaction
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| – refers to verbal and non-verbal | Feedback
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| – physical or psychological environment | Context
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| maintains that both people in a conversation are simultaneously sources and receivers and that the communication flows in both directions at | Communication as transaction
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| Key Principles of Communication - Enumerate |
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| – not possible to communicate | Interpersonal communication is inescapable
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| – “Once a word goes out of your mouth, you can never swallow it again | Interpersonal communication is irreversible
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| whenever you communicate with anyone, you simultaneously interpret both his verbal and nonverbal language and that is often both confounding and demanding | Interpersonal communication is complicated
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| – communication is affected by several factors, it does not happen in isolation | Interpersonal communication is contextual
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| TYPES OF Interpersonal communication is contextual - ENUMERATE |
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| – who you are and what you as sender or receiver bring to the interaction – your needs, desires, values, beliefs, personality and so on. | Psychological context
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| – concerns your reactions to the other person based on relationships | Relational context
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| – deals with the psycho – social where you are communicating | Situational context
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| – has to do with the physical where you are communicating – objects in the room and their arrangement, location, noise level, temperature, season, time of the day | Environmental context
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| – the learned behaviors and rules that affect the interaction | Cultural context
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| PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION/TIPS IN - Enumerate | 1. Know your audience. 2. Know your purpose
3. Know your topic
4. Anticipate objections
5. Achieve credibility to your audience
6. Present information in several w
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| are our own set of rules, so others are neither expected nor required to follow the | Morals
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| – rules accepted and approved by society, so they are imposed upon everyone | Ethics
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| Ethics in Communication - Enumerate |
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| – pay attention to the needs of others, as well a | Mutuality
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| – do not cause another person embarrassment or a loss of dignity | Individual dignity
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| – ensure that others have accurate information | Accuracy
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| – never bolster the impact of your communication by preventing people from communicating with one another or by hindering access to the supporting information | Access to information
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| – be responsible and accountable for the consequences of your relationships and communication | Accountability
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| – audience have responsibilities | Audience
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| – allow others to respectfully disagree or see it differently | Relative truth
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| – be sure that the end goal of your communication and the means of getting to that end are both ethical although no rule can be applied without reservation to any situation | Ends vs. means
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| – you have more power, you also have more responsibility for the outcome | Use of power
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| – balance your rights against your responsibilities | Rights vs. responsibilities
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| TYPES OF COMMUNICATION -ENUMERATE |
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| involves using symbols that have universal meanings and can be classified as spoken or written | Verbal Communication
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| - gestures, facial expressions, the use of space, touch or even silence | Non – Verbal Communication
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| – use of public Speaking or mass communication and a combination of both verbal and non-verbal message | Formal Communication
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| – involves interpersonal and small group communication where people can be at ease and be more comfortable | Informal Communication
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| TYPES OF Verbal Communication - ENUMERATE |
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| – communication with oneself, expressed through self – talk. This involves thoughts and emotions. | Intrapersonal Communication
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| – involves interaction between two people within the context of their relationship and that helps them to negotiate and define their relationship | Interpersonal Communication –
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| – occurs within small groups of 3 or more people as in a family, a committee or or support group | Small Group Communication
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| – one person is speaking in front of an audience. The speaker usually delivers the message in a formal setting, giving a topic that is thematic. | Public Communication
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