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PURCOM 4
Review for Midterms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| something in common | Commun |
| – understanding | Ication |
| a common understanding of something (Chase & Shamo, 2013, p. 6) - The simultaneous sharing and creating of meaning through human symbolic interaction (Seiler and Beall) | Communication |
| A systematic process in which symbols to create and interpret mean (Wood, 2004) | Communication |
| -process of creating and sharing meaning by using verbal and nonverbal symbols in varied contexts | Communication |
| The Process of Communication - ENUMERATE | |
| – sender of the message | Source |
| – the information you want to convey | Message |
| – the process of converting your idea or thoughts of the information into verbal and/or nonverbal symbols that can be understood by the receiver of the message | Encoding |
| the manner in which your message or information is conveyed. It may done through face – to – face conversation, telephone call, video conference or written communication (text message, email, letter, memorandum, report | Channel |
| – the receiver’s mental processing of your message into the meaning suggested by the verbal and/or nonverbal symbols you use as sender | Decoding |
| – the person or group of people who will get your | Receiver |
| – the receiver’s response to your message | Feedback |
| – the situation in which the communication tak | Context |
| Elements of Communication - ENUMERATE | |
| – who the source is | Sender |
| – what the idea being communicated say | Message |
| – through what medium the message is relay | Channel |
| – to whom it is directed | Receiver |
| – what the desired result of the communicatio | Effect |
| TYPES OF NEEDS SERVED BY COMMUNICATION - ENUMERATE | |
| – helps us maintain physical and mental well be | Physical Needs |
| – helps us form social and personal relations | Relational Needs |
| – helps us figure out who we are and who we want to be | Identity Needs |
| – share beliefs and values with others | Spiritual Needs |
| – helps us accomplish many day-to-day tasks | Instrumental Needs |
| 3 MODELS OF HUMAN COMMUNICATION - ENUMERATE | |
| a one-way process where a source initiates communication by encoding a message and conveying or transmitting it through a communication channel for a receiver to decode. For example, you want to inform a friend that you will be late for your mee | Communication as action |
| - includes all the same elements in the action model: source, message, channel, receiver, noise, encoding & decoding and adds: feedback and context. | Communication as Interaction |
| – refers to verbal and non-verbal | Feedback |
| – physical or psychological environment | Context |
| maintains that both people in a conversation are simultaneously sources and receivers and that the communication flows in both directions at | Communication as transaction |
| Key Principles of Communication - Enumerate | |
| – not possible to communicate | Interpersonal communication is inescapable |
| – “Once a word goes out of your mouth, you can never swallow it again | Interpersonal communication is irreversible |
| whenever you communicate with anyone, you simultaneously interpret both his verbal and nonverbal language and that is often both confounding and demanding | Interpersonal communication is complicated |
| – communication is affected by several factors, it does not happen in isolation | Interpersonal communication is contextual |
| TYPES OF Interpersonal communication is contextual - ENUMERATE | |
| – who you are and what you as sender or receiver bring to the interaction – your needs, desires, values, beliefs, personality and so on. | Psychological context |
| – concerns your reactions to the other person based on relationships | Relational context |
| – deals with the psycho – social where you are communicating | Situational context |
| – has to do with the physical where you are communicating – objects in the room and their arrangement, location, noise level, temperature, season, time of the day | Environmental context |
| – the learned behaviors and rules that affect the interaction | Cultural context |
| PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION/TIPS IN - Enumerate | 1. Know your audience. 2. Know your purpose 3. Know your topic 4. Anticipate objections 5. Achieve credibility to your audience 6. Present information in several w |
| are our own set of rules, so others are neither expected nor required to follow the | Morals |
| – rules accepted and approved by society, so they are imposed upon everyone | Ethics |
| Ethics in Communication - Enumerate | |
| – pay attention to the needs of others, as well a | Mutuality |
| – do not cause another person embarrassment or a loss of dignity | Individual dignity |
| – ensure that others have accurate information | Accuracy |
| – never bolster the impact of your communication by preventing people from communicating with one another or by hindering access to the supporting information | Access to information |
| – be responsible and accountable for the consequences of your relationships and communication | Accountability |
| – audience have responsibilities | Audience |
| – allow others to respectfully disagree or see it differently | Relative truth |
| – be sure that the end goal of your communication and the means of getting to that end are both ethical although no rule can be applied without reservation to any situation | Ends vs. means |
| – you have more power, you also have more responsibility for the outcome | Use of power |
| – balance your rights against your responsibilities | Rights vs. responsibilities |
| TYPES OF COMMUNICATION -ENUMERATE | |
| involves using symbols that have universal meanings and can be classified as spoken or written | Verbal Communication |
| - gestures, facial expressions, the use of space, touch or even silence | Non – Verbal Communication |
| – use of public Speaking or mass communication and a combination of both verbal and non-verbal message | Formal Communication |
| – involves interpersonal and small group communication where people can be at ease and be more comfortable | Informal Communication |
| TYPES OF Verbal Communication - ENUMERATE | |
| – communication with oneself, expressed through self – talk. This involves thoughts and emotions. | Intrapersonal Communication |
| – involves interaction between two people within the context of their relationship and that helps them to negotiate and define their relationship | Interpersonal Communication – |
| – occurs within small groups of 3 or more people as in a family, a committee or or support group | Small Group Communication |
| – one person is speaking in front of an audience. The speaker usually delivers the message in a formal setting, giving a topic that is thematic. | Public Communication |
Created by:
Pogo Geto