flow cytometry
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| show | Flow cytometry
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| The cells are also simultaneously evaluated for extrinsic properties (usually specific surface proteins) using ________ | show 🗑
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| Flow cytometers can simultaneously measure ___________. | show 🗑
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| show | very rare cells
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| The major __________include the fluidics, the laser light source, the optics and photodetectors, and a computer for data analysis and management. | show 🗑
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| show | suspension; isotonic saline
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| The sample stream is constrained by the carrier stream and is thus __________ focused so that the cells pass in a single file through the intersection of the laser light source | show 🗑
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| Each cell is interrogated by a _______ that typically consists of one or more small air-cooled _________. | show 🗑
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| show | fluorochrome
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| Each fluorochrome has a distinctive spectral pattern of __________ | show 🗑
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| show | excitation
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| Many flow cytometers utilize a second laser to increase flexibility in _________ selection | show 🗑
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| Light at two specific angles is measured by the __________: forward-angle light scatter (FSC), and orthogonal right angle light scatter, or 90-degree-angle light scatter (SSC). | show 🗑
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| ________, or light scattered at less than 90 degrees, is considered an indicator of cell size, while the _______ signal is indicative of granularity or intracellular complexity of the cell. | show 🗑
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| show | cell size
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| show | granularity or intracellular complexity
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| FSC and SSC are considered _____, can be used to characterize different cell types. | show 🗑
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| In a sample of whole blood, the three major populations of white blood cells (___________) can be roughly differentiated from each other based solely on their _________ | show 🗑
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| Extrinsic parameters of cells require the addition of a ________ for their detection. | show 🗑
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| show | Fluorescent labeled; cytometer
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| FSC, SSC, and fluorescence signals generated by the cells’ interaction with the laser are detected by photomultiplier tubes and detectors within the __________ | show 🗑
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| Once the intrinsic and extrinsic cellular properties of many cells have been collected and the data digitalized by the data __________, the data set is ready for analysis by the operator. | show 🗑
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| Typically, 10,000–20,000 “events” are collected for ______ sample. | show 🗑
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| The first level of data representation is the _________, which plots a chosen parameter (generally fluorescence) on the x-axis versus the number of events on the y-axis | show 🗑
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| show | bivariant histogram
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| The operator chooses which parameters to analyze on both the x- and y-axes and then divides the dot plot into _________, separating the positives from the negatives in each axis. | show 🗑
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| For example, the lymphocytes can be gated, and then the subpopulations of T cells ( _____) and B cells ( ___)can be analyzed | show 🗑
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| show | lineage and clonality
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| Samples commonly used for analysis in Flow cytometry include ________. | show 🗑
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| show | room temperature; well mixed
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| _______ or clotted specimens should be rejected. | show 🗑
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| Samples with large numbers of red cells require ________ removal to allow for efficient analysis of _________. | show 🗑
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| Historically, _______ with Ficoll-Hypaque was used to generate a cell suspension enriched for lymphocytes or blasts | show 🗑
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| show | cell suspension; blasts
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| show | loss
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| show | flow cytometry; immunophenotyping; CD34+ stem
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| ________ is a characterization of acute leukemias, non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas, and other lymphoproliferative disorders. | show 🗑
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| show | leukemia and lymphoma management.
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| Enumeration of peripheral blood CD4+ T cells in HIV-infected patients remains the highest volume test performed in the flow cytometry laboratory, because it is used in classifying ________ and determining treatment options. | show 🗑
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| show | ploidy status
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| Monitoring patients who have been treated for leukemia or lymphoma for “_________disease” | show 🗑
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| In the case of a _____hemorrhage, flow cytometry is much more sensitive than the traditional Kleihauer-Betke method to detect __________ positive cells. | show 🗑
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| show | human leukocyte antigen
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| show | batch ; random access
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| show | Batch analyzers; subsequent
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| ________ analyzers, in which multiple test samples can be analyzed and multiple testing can be performed on any test sample, can allow stat samples to be loaded ________ and multiple analyses on any one sample | show 🗑
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| show | the preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical stages.
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| show | new instrumentation or methodology
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| The laboratory must determine how it will meet __________ regulations for verifying the manufacturer’s performance specifications and information regarding method/instrument validation. | show 🗑
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| show | analytic sensitivity, analytic specificity
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