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Geography Chapter 12

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Term
Definition
Continental Shield   show
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show A migrating piece of Earth's crust, dragged about by processes of mantle convection and plate tectonics  
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show The bending and deformation of beds of rock strata subjected to compression forces  
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Anticline   show
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Syncline   show
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show A state of equilibrium in Earth's crust formed by the interplay between portions of the less-dense lithosphere and the more-dense asthenosphere and the principal of buoyancy  
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Faulting   show
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show A type of geologic fault in rocks. Tension produces strain that breaks a rock, with one side moving vertically relative to the other side along an inclined fault plane  
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Reverse Fault   show
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Thrust Fault   show
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Slip-Strike Fault   show
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show Upward-faulted blocks produced by pairs or groups of faults [two blocks push a middle one up]  
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Graben   show
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show The process of mountain building that occurs when large-scale compression leads to deformation and uplift of crust  
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show A sharp release of energy that sends waves travelling through Earth's crust at the movement of rupture along a fault or in association with volcanic activity  
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Megathrust Earthquake   show
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show An explanation for how energy is released during an earthquake. Two sides of a fault rupture suddenly due to accumulating stress, snapping to new positions relative to each other  
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show An instrument used to detect and record the ground motion during an earthquake  
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Focus   show
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show The location on Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake  
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Foreshock   show
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Aftershock   show
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show An open-ended, logarithmic scale that estimates earthquake amplitude by the energy released, using seismographs  
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show The process whereby ground shaking, usually from an earthquake, disrupts and loosens the structure of the soil, causing it to flow  
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Moment Magnitude Scale   show
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show A seismic sea wave, travelling at high speeds across the ocean, formed by sudden motion in the seafloor (seismic wave, etc)  
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Volcano   show
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show Resistance to flow [thickness]  
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Pyroclastic   show
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Pahoehoe   show
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Cinder Cone   show
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show An interior sunken portion of a composite volcano's crater; usually steep-sided and circular, sometimes containing a lake  
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Effusive Eruption   show
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Shield Volcano   show
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Flood Basalts   show
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show A violent and explosive volcanic eruption as a result of thicker, stickier magma  
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show A volcano formed by a sequence of explosive volcanic eruptions; steep-sided, conical in shape  
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Created by: TheresaH
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