N and W Africa Kob
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| Mauritania | Refugees from the desert have increased the population fron 10,000 to 700,000 in less than 40 years; 80% of the country is covered by the Sahara; the Senegal River seperates it from Senegal.
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| Algeria | This country is Africa’s second largest nation; most nomads are of the Tuareg society; 130 years of colonial rule by France.
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| Mali | A famous city in this country was the center of Islamic learning in ancient times; its king made a flamboyant hajj to Mecca and gave out large portions of gold.
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| Morocco | Leading exporter of phosphates; colonized by Spain and France. Atlas Mountains cover much of this country. Also called the “Crossroads of Western and Islamic Culture.”
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| Chad | This landlocked country is virtually two separate countries; nomadic Muslim minority in the north and black African farmers in the south. Fresh water Lake .
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| Western Sahara | Morocco claims this as Greater Morocco
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| Sudan | Largest nation in Africa. Sudd swamp in the south.
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| Niger | This landlocked country is named after a mighty river that flows only through the western edge of this drought- stricken nation. Capital is Niamey.
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| Libya | When oil was discovered in the Sahara, this country became the richest country in Africa; in 1804 Marines were sent here to destroy a pirate base.
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| Egypt | This country is considered, After South Africa, to be the most industrialized nations in Africa. Aswan Dam controls major river.
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| Tunisia | Site of Carthage, an ancient rival of Rome. Gained independence from France. The Most “European of the colonies.”
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| Nigeria | The most populous nation in Africa. Oil and gas produce 90% of its revenues. Country is divided along ethnic lines. 250 different groups. Nearly half of the country is Muslim.
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| Senegal | Capital city is known as the Gateway to Africa. Was a Favorite of French colonies until independence in 1960.
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| Gambia | This is the smallest nation on continental Africa. Capital is Banjul
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| Benin | This country is the birthplace of voodoo; has had more coups than any of the other newly independent African nations.
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| Burkina Faso | Formerly known as Upper Volta, this country is extremely poor. Landlocked with few natural resources; vulnerable to droughts. Capital is Ouagadougou.
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| Sierra Leone | Founded in 1787 as the first colony for freed slaves by a British antislavery group. Remained a British colony for 150 years.
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| Guinea | This nation was the first French Colony to become independent; World’s #2 producer of bauxite. Capital is Conakry.
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| Ghana | Named after a medieval African kingdom, it was formerly known as the Gold Coast. Lake Volta, behind a dam on the Volta River is one of the world’s largest artificial lakes.
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| Cape Verde | These islands were uninhabited when the Portuguese arrived in the 15th century.
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| Togo | Mountain range separated northern Muslims from Southern Togolese.
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| Guinea-Bissau | Became Portugal’s first African colony to achieve independence. Had the distinction of living under the colonial rule longer than any other country – 500 years. Has an unusual archipelago off its coast.
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| Liberia | Became Africa’s first independent black nation in 1847 as a homeland for freed slaves mostly from America.
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| Cote D’Ivoire | Formerly the Ivory Coast. Top producer of cocoa in Africa. Felix Houphouet Boigny- only president of Ivory Coast who pursued a liberal economy. Contains the world’s largest Christian Church.
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| Sao Tome and Principe | Two mountainous islands. Cocoa principal export. Uninhabited when Portuguese arrived in 1470. Penal Colony
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| Lesotho | One of Africa’s three remaining kingdoms; wealth is measured in livestock. Paychecks sent home by half the male population working in Africa.
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| Malawi | Lake Malawai fills southernmost trench of Great Rift Valley. Dr. Banda made himself president for life; conservative rule of dress.
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| Eq. Guinea | Two parts: mainland Rio Muni and island Bioko. Under Spanish rule, produced world’s finest cocoa.
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| Madagascar | 4th largest island in the world, 22 species of lemurs.
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