Bio Chapter 9
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| Select all of the following that describe a homologous pair of chromosomes. | -can have different alleles
-same light and dark banding patterns
-same size
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| A single molecule of DNA and its associated proteins form a | Chromosome
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| A diploid cell is indicated by what abbreviation? | 2n
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| Select all the organisms that can produce gametes for sexual reproduction. | -ferns
-bread molds
-humans
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| The abbreviation n or 1n represents a _______ cell. | Haploid
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| Two chromosomes with the same size, centromere location, and gene sequence are called a(n) _________ pair | homologous
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| Located in the ovaries and testes of animals, specialized cells called germ cells are ______ and undergo meiosis to produce ______. | diploid; gametes
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| How many rounds of cell division occur in meiosis? | 2
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| In animals, specialized diploid cells that undergo meiosis are called | Germ Cells
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| Select all of the following that are true about meiosis. | -produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes as compared to somatic cells
-includes two cell divisions
-creates four haploid cells from one diploid cell
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| Select all of the mechanisms that generate genetic variability in sexual organisms. | -Random Fertilization
-Crossing Over
-Random orientation of chromosomes
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| Crossing over is the process in which | homologous chromosomes physically exchange pieces.
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| Dividing cells that contain only one chromosome from each homologous pair lined up singly at the equator of the cell must be undergoing: | Meiosis II
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| Select all of the following that describe mitosis. | -results in 2 daughter cells
-starts with a diploid cell and results in diploid cells
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| What is a cell with a complete extra set of chromosomes called? | polyploid
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| Crossing over is the process in which | homologous chromosomes physically exchange pieces.
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| Select all of the following that can result from nondisjunction in humans. | -failed development due to missing genetic material
-trisomy
-an extra copy of a chromosome
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| What occurs when chromosomes do not separate during meiotic divisions? | nondisjunction
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| Nondisjunction of the ______ chromosome during meiosis can produce offspring that are XXX or XXY. | X
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| Chromosomal __________ is an abnormality that results in the loss of one or more genes from a chromosome. | deletion
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| In human males, specialized cells that are diploid and will enter meiosis I are called | primary spermatocytes.
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| Select all of the following that are true about primary spermatocytes. | -produced by mitosis of spermatogonium
-will enter meiosis I
-diploid
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| Select all of the following that are true about spermatids. | -specialize into mature sperm
-haploid
-equal-sized
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| Select all of the following that are true about primary oocytes. | -produced by mitosis
-diploid
-will enter meiosis I
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| In human males, specialized cells that are diploid and will enter meiosis I are called | primary spermatocytes.
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| A crossover in meiosis is an exchange of genetic material between..... | nonsister chromatids of homologous chromosomes.
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| Crossing over can occur during what phase of meiosis? | Prophase I
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| If crossing over occurs between a homologous pair of chromosomes during meiosis, what will be present in the gametes? | Some chromatids will have parental combinations of alleles, and some chromatids will be recombinant.
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| Random orientation of homologous chromosomes occurs in ________ of meiosis. | Metaphase I
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| What pulls the chromosomes of a homologous pair to opposite poles? | Spindle Fibers
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| Centromeres divide in | mitosis and meiosis II
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| What describes meiosis II in humans? | haploid → haploid
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| Arrange the following events in the proper order in which they occur during meiosis I. | 1. Synapsis
2. Crossing Over
3. Random orientation along equator of cell
4. Separation of homologous chromosomes
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| What is examples of Haploid Cells? | Gamete, Egg Cell, Sperm Cell
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| What are examples of Diploid Cells? | Germ Cell, Somatic Cell, Zygote
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| Each daughter cell produced in meiosis has | half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
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| The number of cells produced in meiosis is | twice the number of cells produced in mitosis.
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| What is a correct sequence of cells in spermatogenesis? | spermatogonium → primary spermatocyte → secondary spermatocyte
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| Then, in a process called random orientation, homologous chromosomes align _______-file at the center of the cell and then separate. | double
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