Resp questions
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| How long is the Pharynx | 12-14cm
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| What are the 3 areas of the Pharynx | Nasopharynx/Oropharynx/Laryngopharynx
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| The Larynx consists of what Cartilage | Hylaine/Thyroid/Cricoid/Arytenoid
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| Leaf shaped that lies superiorly to Larynx | Epiglottis
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| How long is the Trachea | 10-12cm
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| How many C-shaped cartilage is present and what type of Cartilage are they. | 16 - Hylaine cartilage
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| Where does the Trachea Split | Carina
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| Which Bronchi is wider + shorter | Right hand side
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| Where do the Bronchi enter the lungs | Hilum
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| Which lung has 2 lobes | Left hand side
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| How many intercostal muscle pairs are there | 11
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| What cavities does the Diaphrgam divide | Abdominal + thoracic Cavity
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| On inhalation the Diaphragm goes | Down
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| Name the 2 layers of the Pleura | Parietal + Visceral
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| What is Tidal Volume | Air volume that passes in + out in each resp cycle - 500-600ml
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| What is Residual Volume | The amount of air left in the Lungs are exhalation - 1200ml
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| What is Vital Capacity | Max amount of air moved in each breath - 4800ml
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| What is Total lung Capacity | Amount of air inspired + expired from Lungs + the remaining air
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| What is Minute volume | The amount of air moved in 1minute
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| What is Inspiration | Contraction of intercostal muscle + diaphragm
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| What is Expiration | Relaxation of Intercostal muscles + diaphragm
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| What is External respiration | Transfer of o2 from Lungs to Circulatory System
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| What is Internal respiration | Transfer of o2 from Circulatory System to Tissues
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| What is Diffusion | Movement of gas or liquid from area of High Pressure to Low Pressure
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| Where is the respiratory Center | Medulla Oblangata
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| What do the Phrenic nerves do | Send + receive signals from Intercostal Muscle + Diaphragm
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| What is the function of Chemoreceptors | Monitor Pressure and monitor C02
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| What is ETCo2 | The amount of Co2 at the end of exhalation
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| What is ventilation | Air moving in and out of Lungs
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| What is Capnometer | Numerical reading of ETCo2
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| What is Canogram | Waveform present for ETCo2
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| What is HyperCapnia | >45mmgh/6.0KPA
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| What is HypoCapnia | <35mmgh/4.7KPA
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| What is a Pulmonary Embolism | Sudden blockage in the Pulmonary arteries
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| What is the condition that presents with fluid on the Lungs | Pulmonary Oedema
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| What are the 2 catergories of Pulmonary Oedema | Cardiogenic + Non Cardiogenic
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| What is the cause of Pitting Oedema | Right sided heart failure
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| What condition is caused by the inflammation of Bronchi | Asthma
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| How do you treat Pulmonary Oedema | Maintain ABC’s - GTN 800mcg - CPAP (If no improvement - consider contraindications)
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| How do you treat Asthma | Maintain ABC’s - Salbutamol - Ipratropium Bromide
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| What causes Pneumonia | Infection - Bacterial or Viral
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| What does trippoding indicate | Respiratory Distress, eg Asthma Attack
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| What is Pleurisy | Inflammation of the Pleura
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| What is the treatment of Pleurisy | Maintain ABC’s - O2 - Salbutamol
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| What is a collection of air in the Pleural Space known as | Pneumothorax
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| What are the types of Pneumothorax | Primary - without resp disease + Secondary - with resp disease
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| What is a Tension Pneumothorax | Pneumothorax + displacement of the Mediastinal Structures
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| What is Emphysema | Destruction of the Alveoli
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| What is Bronchitis | Inflammation of the Broncial Tubes
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| What is the umbrella term used for Inflammatory Lung Diseases | COPD
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| What is the treatment for COPD conditions | Maintain ABC’s - Salbutamol - Ipratropium Bromide - CPAP-02
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| What is Respiratory Failure | Acute or Chronic when resp system fails to exchange gases
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| What is Abnormal Work of Breathing | Any patient with Abnormal resp rate or pattern
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| Where would you find a TEP | Posterior Trachea
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| How do you manage secretions in a Tracheostomy Patient | Maintain ABC’s - Suction - O2 - Saline NEB (10ml)
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| How do you manage a Tube Dislodgement (Trachy) | Do NOT attempt reinsertion - 02 via face mask+trachy mask
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| What is the management of Suspected/Partial Blockage of Trachy Dislodgement | Maintain ABC’s - Suction - Remove Trach Tube (if no improvement) - o2 face + Stoma
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| Patient not breathing with Tracheostomy - what to do | Cover Stoma + ventilate via Mouth
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| Patient not breathing with Laryngectomy - what to do | Stoma Ventilation
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| How do you manage a Bleeding Tracheostomy | Direct Pressure (if possible) - Inflate Balloon (if present) - Suction - O2 - Keep upright - Monitor
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| What is Perfusion | Adequate supply of o2 to the tissues
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