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terms that have appeared on official tests

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Term
Definition
show A figure of speech in which someone (usually but not always absent), some abstract quality, or nonexistent personage is directly addressed as though present.  
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show A dramatic convention by which an actor directly addresses the audience but is not supposed to be heard by the other actors on the stage.  
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show A poem that reveals a "soul in action." The character is speaking to an identifiable but silent listener at a dramatic moment in the speaker's life.  
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harangue   show
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soliloquy   show
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show A pause or break in a line of verse.  
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conceit   show
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kenning   show
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syllepsis   show
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show synonym of syllepsis; an object-taking word has two or more objects on different levels, such as concrete and abstract (cultivate matrimony and your estate); or a grammatical irregularity such as "one or two years ago" (one and years don't match)  
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Cockney School   show
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show A critical essay in the Contemporary Review 1871 by Thomas Maitland (Robert W Buchanan) in which Dante Rosetti took the brunt of the criticism. Also "Mutual Admiration School"  
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show A group of 18th century poets who wrote long poems on death and immortality. Atmosphere of pleasing gloom. Example is Thomas Parnell.  
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show A group of Scottish writers whose work dealt idealistically with village life in Scotland. (example is J.M. Barrie)  
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show A phrase from W.E. Aytoun in 1854 to a group of contemporary English poets whose verse reflected discontent and unrest, marked by jerkiness and strained emphasis.  
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show The name of an actual person other than the author that is signed by the author to a work.  
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eponym   show
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show A mask. Refers to a "second self" created by an author and through whom the narrative is told.  
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pseudonym   show
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show The fictional author of a work, supposedly written by someone other than its actual author (Lemuel Gulliver of Gulliver's Travels instead of Jonathan Swift)  
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show A device in which indirectness replaces directness of statement, usually in an effort to avoid offensiveness  
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show a prudish adherence to conventionality, esp. in personal behavior  
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show An inappropriateness of speech resulting from the use of one word for another, which resembles it.  
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spoonerism   show
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Wellerism   show
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show In medieval Europe, partly as survivals or adaptations of ancient pagan seasonal ceremonies, a species of games or spectacles characterized by a procession of masked figures.  
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minstrel show   show
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show A nonscriptural play based on the legend of a saint or on a miracle performed by a saint or sacred object.  
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show A poetic drama developed in the late 14th century; a dramatized allegory in which abstractions appear in personified form and struggle for a human soul.  
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show A medieval play based on biblical history; originated in the liturgy of the church.  
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show A group of followers of Charles I who composed lighthearted poems. Included Thomas Carew, Richard Lovelace, and Sir John Suckling.  
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Goliardic Poets   show
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show This term came from the Edinburgh Review and used for poets such as Coleridge, Wordsworth, and Southey; lived in the same district in northwest England.  
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Pre-Raphaelites   show
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ambivalence   show
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assonance   show
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show The relation between words in which the final consonants in the stressed syllables agree but the vowels that precede them differ.  
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dissonance   show
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resonance   show
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show a novel in which the narrative is carried forward by letters written by one or more of the characters.  
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framework story   show
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metafiction   show
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show T.S. Eliot's term for a pattern of objects, actions, or events or a situation that can serve effectively to awaken in the reader an emotional response without being a direct statement of that subjective emotion.  
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palimpsest   show
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show May consist of any number of 4 line stanzas but in any case, the 2nd and 4th lines of one must reappear as the 1st and 3rd lines in the following stanza.  
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show A set French verse pattern, 15 lines with the 9th and 15th being a short refrain. Only 2 rhymes outside of the refrain. aabba aabc aabbac  
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sestina   show
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terza rima   show
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villanelle   show
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black humor   show
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fantasy   show
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surrealism   show
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show Writing that by its incongruity of treatment ridicules a subject inherently noble or dignified. (opposite of mock epic)  
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show A class of work specializing in bloodshed and violence. Many have to do with crime and high emotion.  
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show emphasizes the rule of God over all things as reflected in its understanding of Scripture, God, humanity, salvation, and the church.  
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show The beliefs of various cults in late pre-Christian and early Christian times. Thought that human beings had an immediate knowledge of spiritual truth that was available to them through faith alone.  
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show The worship of material and mechanical prosperity and the disregard of culture, beauty and spirit.  
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Stoicism   show
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show A reliance on the intuition and the conscience; living close to nature and taught the dignity of manual labor.  
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show Iambic pentameter lines rhymed in pairs.  
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show also known as common measure or common meter. A stanza of 4 lines with the 1st and 3rd being iambic tetrameter (8 syllables) and the 2nd and 4th iambic trimeter (6 syllables), rhymed abab abcb  
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projection verse   show
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show A stanzaic pattern named for the Greek poet who wrote love lyrics of great beauty around 600 BC. It has 3 lines of 11 or 12 syllables and a 4th of 5 syllables.  
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antithesis   show
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hyperbole   show
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redaction   show
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tautology   show
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choree   show
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iamb   show
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show A foot of unaccented syllables; most commonly variations in iambic verse  
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spondee   show
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show A foot consisting of an accented and an unaccented syllable  
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show a group of scholars known for developing critical theory and popularizing the dialectical method of learning by interrogating society's contradictions. Max Horkheimer, Theodor W. Adorno, Erich Fromm, and Herbert Marcuse.  
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Geneva School   show
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Satanic School   show
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cacophony   show
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euphony   show
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show refers to the use of the Greek letter sigma (Σ), which represents the “s” sound.  
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show A composition in praise of a living person, object or event (not a god) delivered before a special audience  
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show A poem written to celebrate a wedding.  
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eulogy   show
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show A single, unified strain of exalted lyrical verse, directed to a single purpose, and dealing with one theme.  
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show Something that is analogous to or like another given thing; could be two versions of the same story, especially if no direct relationship can be established.  
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show The turn in thought -- from question to answer; problem to solution -- that occurs at the beginning of the seset in the Italian Sonnet (sometimes in Shakespearean sonnet between 12th and 13th line) marked by yet or but  
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show the internal rhyming of the last stressed syllable before the caesura, with the last stressed syllable of the line.  
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assonance rhyme   show
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metonymy   show
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synaesthesia   show
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show Contrasting light and shade  
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show Unrhymed but otherwise regular verse -- usually iambic pentameter.  
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quibbles   show
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paradox   show
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show The omission of part of a word  
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show the insertion of a sound or letter within a word  
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show The interchange of position between sounds in a word (pretty as perty)  
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show The addition of an extra letter, syllable, or sound at the end of a word, as in dearie for dear.  
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show The addition of a syllable at the beginning of a word  
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haiku   show
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show a song or short narrative poem; based on earlier songs or verse tales sung by Breton minstrels from Celtic legend.  
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senryu   show
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tanka   show
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show A simple French verse of 8 lines. The first two are repeated as the last two and the first line also recurs as the fourth. There are only 2 rhymes.  
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show A Greek term renovated by Ezra Pound, who used it for the whole articulatory-acoustic-auditory range of poetry.  
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Orientalism   show
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show Used for the attitudes toward the subject and toward the audience implied in a literary work.  
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asyndeton   show
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show The use of superfluous syllables or words; may consist of needless repetition or of the addition of unnecessary words.  
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polyptoton   show
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polysyndeton   show
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show A figure of speech combining anaphora and epistrophe resulting in the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses, along with the repetition of another or the same word or phrase at the end of these successive clauses.  
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carpe diem   show
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memento mori   show
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ubi sunt   show
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show An article that one keeps constantly on hand (usually means a book always at hand). Means "go with me."  
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show "the unspeaking word" applied to the infant Christ, who incarnates the Word.  
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caudate sonnet   show
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Italian sonnet/Petrarchan sonnet   show
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Miltonic sonnet   show
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show English sonnet rhyming abab cdcd efef gg.  
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Spenserian sonnet   show
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show A new word introduced into a language, especially for enhancing style  
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show A word for which there is a single recorded occurrence (one invented by an author for a particular usage or special meaning)  
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onomatopoeia   show
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solecism   show
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show A term used by Samuel Johnson for "a combination of dissimilar images or discovery of occult remembrances in things apparently unlike" in metaphysical poetry  
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syncopation   show
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show A movement in modern poetry related to the manifestation of certain abstract developments and methods in painting and sculpture. (Wyndham Lewis, Ezra Pound) -- extension of imagism  
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analepsis   show
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show The failure -- accidental or deliberate -- to complete a sentence according to the structural plan on which it was started.  
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show the language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular country or region.  
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show A term applied by Northrop Frye to a style shaped by the diction, rhythms, syntax, and associations of ordinary speech.  
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semiotic   show
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show A term applied first to the architectural style that flourished in Europe from late 16th century until 18th. Blends picturesque elements with more ordered and formal style of "high Renaissance."  
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Freytag's Pyramid   show
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show German for celebration and writing; a volume of miscellaneous learned essays by students, colleagues or admirers of a scholar and presented on some special occasion.  
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show French poetic form consisting of 3 quatrains and a final couplet, making 14 lines. In all versions the scheme consists of three rhymes and 4-5 un-rhymed lines  
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show sixteen line French poem composed of four quatrains. It has a refrain that is in a different place in each quatrain (1st line 1st stanza, 2nd line in 2nd and so on)  
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show A quatrain as named by Paul-Jean Toulet, in which an alternating syllabic scheme of 8-6-8-6 is opposed by a chiastic rhyme of abba  
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show the blending into one syllable of two vowels of adjacent syllables (as by crasis, synaeresis, synizesis, elision)  
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metaplasm   show
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mock epic   show
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show A narrative poem usually presenting an episode from the heroic past and resembling an epic but much briefer and more limited.  
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elegy   show
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anastrophe   show
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show A minimal meaningful linguistic unit. (dismemberings is separated into dis-member-ing-s)  
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bacchius   show
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show A device of repetition in which the same expression (word or words) is repeated at the beginning of two more lines, clauses or sentences.  
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show when a writer repeats a word or phrase with one or more words in between (ex. to be or not to be)  
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colloquialism   show
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show a statement in which the speaker's words are incongruous with the speaker's intent.  
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show The second, six-lined division of an Italian sonnet; it usually makes specific a general statement that has been presented in the octave or indicates the personal emotion of the author in a situation from the octave.  
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slant rhyme   show
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show Two consecutive lines of verse with end rhymes.  
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show A line of three feet  
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show A line of four feet  
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show A line of five feet  
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show A line of six feet (conventional medium for epic and didactic poetry)  
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show A line of seven feet  
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pentastitch   show
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tetralogy   show
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show A pattern in which the second part is balanced against the first but with the parts reversed (ex. Flowers are lovely, love is flowerlike)  
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show A form of understatement in which a thing is affirmed by stating the negative of its opposite.  
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synecdoche   show
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Bildungsroman   show
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novel of manners   show
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show A chronicle --usually autobiographical -- presenting the life story of a rascal of low degree engaged in menial tasks and making his living more through his wits than his industry.  
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show Prose fiction that places unusual emphasis on interior characterization and on the motives, circumstances, and internal action that spring from and develop external action.  
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show the quality in a sound of being deep, full, and reverberating.  
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novel of character   show
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novel of the soil   show
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show An acrostic so arranged that the initial letters of successive lines (or other units) form an alphabet.  
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show According to Derrida, writing has been erroneously considered as derivative from speech, making it a "fall" from the real "full presence" of speech and the independent act of writing.  
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trope   show
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in medias res   show
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Theater of Cruelty   show
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show A term invented by Martin Esslin. Portrays not a series of connected incidents telling a story but a pattern of images presenting people as bewildered creatures in an incomprehensible universe.  
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tragedy of blood   show
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show A play that seems to lead to a tragic catastrophe until an unexpected turn of events brings about a happy denouement.  
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well-made play   show
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motif   show
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deism   show
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Great Chain of Being   show
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show The idea of sacred names and naming, more recently applied to any special name (or proper noun) for persons, places, gods, days, etc.  
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pantheism   show
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aestheticism   show
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catechism   show
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determinism   show
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didacticism   show
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humanism   show
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digression   show
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show a device where future events are spoken of as though they are occurring or have occurred. This can be done either by referring to a future event as though it was in the past, or can be done using a flash forward.  
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show A group of American poets of the 1950s and 60s in a rebellion against the prevailing culture. Loose structure and slang diction. Leaders were Allen Ginsberg, Gregory Corso, and Jack Kerouac.  
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show Writers like Charles Olson, Robert Creeley and Robert Duncan. A bold experiment in aesthetic education; highly influential in projective verse movement.  
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show A New York Group made famous by Washington Irving in first half of 19th century. Other members were James Fenimore Cooper and William Cullen Bryant.  
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show A group of American writers born around 1900 who served in WWI. Very active in publication of little magazines. Reacted against tendences of older writers in 1920s.  
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show A German term that emphasizes the development of the principal character.  
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Kunstlerroman   show
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roman a clef   show
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show From the French, a thesis novel -- intended to establish and illustrate a social doctrine.  
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show A cutting short of words through the omission of a letter or a syllable. (usually the omission of elements inside a word instead of running words together). Example: ev'ry for every  
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show A pithy saying; often antithetical  
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ballade   show
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show A shortened version of a work but one that attempts to preserve essential elements.  
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enjambment   show
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show The placing of a sentence element out of its normal position.  
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show Arrangement of clauses, phrases, or words in dependent or subordinate relationships.  
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truncation   show
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Anglo-Italian sonnet   show
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show Running alternately from left to right and right to left; a term that describes the direction of writing in certain ancient inscriptions  
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show Verse that sounds well but contains little or no sense of meaning (nonsense verse, such as Edward Lear's)  
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show "different tongues" or "different speech"; a term introduced by Mikhail Bakhtin to designate the presence of more than one voice in a given narrative or other work.  
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show The semblance of truth  
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metalepsis   show
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show A form of light verse that concerns an actual person, whose name is the first line of a quatrain with a strict aabb rhyme scheme, no regular rhyme or meter.  
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limerick   show
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broken rhyme   show
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compound rhyme   show
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fused rhyme   show
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heteromerous rhyme   show
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macaronic verse   show
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gongorism   show
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show Incorporates elements of echo and identical rhyme so that the sound of the last syllable of one line recurs as the sound of the first syllable of the next but with a change of meaning  
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show Rhyme that occurs at some place before the last syllables in a line.  
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show The use of more than a usual number of hyphens (dapple-dawn-drawn)  
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double entendre   show
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xenoglossia   show
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show A composition imitating another -- usually serious -- piece. It is designed to ridicule a work or its style or author.  
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enclosed rhyme   show
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show The plural of the Arabic word for quatrain; a collection of four lined stanzas  
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show A metrical foot consisting of three syllables, with two unaccented syllables followed by an accented one  
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show A foot consisting of one accented syllable followed by two unaccented  
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show pun  
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show Words formed by telescoping two words into one, as the making of "squarson" from "squire" and "parson"  
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show A "song of great deeds" Applied to the early French epic.  
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jeremiad   show
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show A short lyric, usually dealing with love or a pastoral theme and designed for a musical setting.  
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show A poetic treatment of shepherds and rustic life, after the Latin for "shepherd"  
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show the experience of seeing something by extraordinary sight  
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gazebo   show
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gonzoism   show
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Gothic   show
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show an outgrowth of interest in the irrational, distrust of any cosmic order, and frustration at humankind's lot in the universe; distortion of natural to point of absurdity  
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Marinism   show
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exposition   show
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locus classicus   show
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show A work having to do with the land of the dead, especially a visit by a living person  
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show A name applied to the belief that society has an innate tendency toward improvement and that that tendency can be furthered by conscious human effort.  
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dizain   show
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show A French verse form related to the lai of which the number of stanzas and number of lines to the stanza are unlimited. Each stanza has an indefinite number of tercets with aab then bbc, then ccd, etc  
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the Agrarians   show
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the Fugitives   show
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The Hartford Wits   show
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the Muckrackers   show
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Arcadian Verse   show
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show A term used for pastoral writing that deals with rural life ina manner rather formal and fanciful.  
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idyll   show
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kabuki   show
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show means "highly skilled or accomplished." harmonious combinations of dance, poetry, music, mime, and acting. Originally a part of the religious ritual of Japanese feudal aristocracy.  
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show The ascription of human characteristics to non human objects (conceptual presentation of some nonhuman entity in human form)  
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pathetic fallacy   show
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show a literary device that gives animal traits to non-animals, such as humans, gods, or objects.  
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syzygy   show
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hiatus   show
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free verse   show
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show Two successive lines rhyming aa and containing a grammatically complete, independent statement.  
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show An octosyllabic pair: two rhyming lines of iambic or trochaic tetrameter  
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masculine rhyme   show
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show A rhyme in which the rhyming stressed syllables are followed by an undifferentiated identical unstressed syllable, such as "waken" and "forsaken"  
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show Sameness or similarity of endings of consecutive words or words near each other -- often considered or graceless but sometimes unavoidable as in adjacent adverbs, verbal forms, accidental sameness of affixes, or echoic names.  
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show An arrangement of sentences, clauses, phrases, or words in a coordinate rather than subordinate constructions, often without connectives.  
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transliteration   show
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vignette   show
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carnivalesque   show
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philology   show
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show A summary of the main points of a composition so made as to show the relation of parts to the whole  
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show The study of allegorical symbols, especially with the Bible, in which much of the Old Testament is read as a type of the revelation to come in the New Testament  
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show A song of praise or joy; usually in praise of a deity (originally Apollo)  
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threnody   show
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show A literary style used by the English and French decadent writers of the last quarter of the 19th century. Excessively refined emotion and preciosity of language  
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show A group of attitudes that emphasizes existence rather than essence and sees the inadequacy of human reason to explain the enigma of the universe as the basic philosophical question  
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diasporic   show
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dystopian   show
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show A fiction describing an imaginary ideal world. Comes from Thomas More's book of that name.  
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show From German for "gaudy trash." shallow, flashy art designed to have popular appeal and commercial success  
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show A word fabricated by spelling another word backwards  
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show A figure of speech used so long that it is taken in its denotative sense only, without any conscious comparison to a physical object it once conveyed.  
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show Obsolete phrasing, idiom, syntax, or spelling  
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show an erroneous but plausible etymology forced onto a word by a common misconception  
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Hobson-Jobson   show
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silent correction   show
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de casibus   show
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show The "sweet new style" that flourished among lyric poets in certain Romance languages in the 13th century; premium on lucidity and complex musicality  
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chant royal   show
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bouts-rimes   show
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show A medieval dialogue poem in which a shepherdess is wooed by a man of higher social rank  
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New York School   show
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Bluestockings   show
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show 19th century French poets influenced by 'art for art's sake'; great objective clarity and precision of detail. Lead by Leconte de Lisle  
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show Abbreviation for International Association of Poets, Playwrights, Editors, Essayists, and Novelists  
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show A little ode (a single unified strain of exalted lyrical verse directed to a single purpose and dealing with one theme)  
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show Five line stanza; specifically one by Adelaide Crapsey (5 unrhymed lines of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 2 syllables)  
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show A stanza of 14 lines that doesn't conform to a sonnet pattern  
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show It refers to the idea that one's understanding of the text as a whole is established by reference to the individual parts and one's understanding of each individual part by reference to the whole.  
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lipogram   show
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show A stanza of 5 lines (or quintet)  
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show A figure poem, one so written that the form of the printed words suggests the subject matter  
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obelisk   show
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wiki   show
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panegyric   show
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upstaging   show
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show A kind of repetition whereby different forms and senses of a word are "woven" through an utterance  
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show An adjective used to limit a noun that it really does not logically modify  
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show TS Eliot's term for a pattern of objects, actions, or events or a situation that can serve effectively to awaken in the reader an emotional response without being a direct statement of that subjective emotion  
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asyndeton   show
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show to insert (words) into a text or into a conversation  
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wrenched accent   show
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tag-line   show
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show French for "mounting" or "editing." A series of brief pictures or impressions following one another quickly without apparent order  
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show Another name for heteromerous rhyme; compositions consisting of quotations from one or more authors  
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Antirealistic Novel   show
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Magical Realism   show
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show A character added by Northrop Frye; a rustic who is easily deceived, a form of the country bumpkin  
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Companion poem   show
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show the force that starts the conflict of opposing interests and sets in motion the rising action of a play  
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show a person who composes or relates fables.  
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show A cheaply printed paperbound tale of adventure or detection originally selling for about 10 cents; equivalent to British penny dreadful  
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show A play (usually in verse) designed to be read rather than acted  
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cloak and dagger   show
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curtal sonnet   show
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allelograph   show
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show Writing that reads the same from left to right and right to left, such as "civic"  
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rhopalic progression   show
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decadence   show
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inscription   show
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patronage   show
🗑
show A word -- usually a pronoun, adjective or verb -- that refers to another part of the discourse and not outward to a world or context  
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show An utterance that says the opposite of what is meant; irony  
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show Another term for carmen figuratum, a poem in which the lines are so arranged that they form a design on the page, taking the shape of the subject -- frequently an altar or cross  
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concrete poetry   show
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echo verse   show
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show A poem so constructed that its printed form suggests its subject matter  
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anacrusis   show
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show literary gleanings, fragments, or passages from the writings of an author or authors  
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catalexis   show
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homeoarchy   show
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refrain   show
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show In one sense, the sound pattern that precedes a marked presence or the end of a sentence, making it interrogatory, hortatory, pleading, etc. Rhythm established in the sequence of stressed and unstressed syllables in a phrasal unit.  
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aphaeresis   show
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apocope   show
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show the rejection of all religious and moral principles, in the belief that life is meaningless  
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show Philosophy formed by Zeno in the late 4th century BC. Exalts endurance and self-sufficiency. Virtue consists in living in conformity to the laws of nature.  
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antibacchius   show
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glee   show
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projection verse   show
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exegesis   show
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calligraphy   show
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intertextuality   show
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epanalepsis   show
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aphorism   show
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acrostic   show
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rebus   show
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apposition   show
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show A conventionalized stanza appearing at the close of certain kinds of poems; particularly associated with the French ballade. (addressed to a person of importance; 4 lines; refrain repeated throughout; rhymes bcbc)  
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show A conclusion; usually restates or summarizes or integrates the preceding themes or movements  
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show A short verse, verset; a short sentence from the Psalms recited in responsive readings  
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show Matter to be added to a piece of writing  
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show An interjection to lend emphasis to a sentence or, in a verse especially, the use of a superfluous word to make for rhythm (profanity is another type)  
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show an emptying or evacuation; also the deed or process by which Christ took on humble human form, surrendering divinity  
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show Another name for personification; here, the abstraction is capable of speech  
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reification   show
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cubism   show
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show A highly personal manner of writing in which the author presents materials as they appear to an individual temperament at a precise moment and from a particular vantage point rather than as they are presumed to be in actuality.  
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surrealism   show
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show The name applied to a group of poets active in England and America between 1909 and 1918. Members included Ezra Pound, Hilda Doolittle, and FS Flint. "An intellectual and emotional complex in an instant of time"  
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bathos   show
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show The character of the speaker or writer as reflected in speech or writing; the quality or set of emotions that a speaker or writer enacts in order to affect an audience.  
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show Derived from a Greek word, means “logic.” A literary device that can be described as a statement, sentence, or argument used to convince or persuade the targeted audience by employing reason or logic.  
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show myth or mythology; a pattern of beliefs expressing often symbolically the characteristic or prevalent attitudes in a group or culture  
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pathos   show
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show A word spelled the same as another but pronounced and defined differently, such as "does" and "does"  
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show A wailing song sung at a funeral or in commemoration of death; a short lyric of lamentation  
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show A poem expressing grief -- usually more intense and more personal than in a complaint.  
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show A vocal style developed during the 1920s with a singer improvising patterns of repetitive nonsense syllables that suggest the sound of a musical instrument.  
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barbarism   show
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provincialism   show
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regionalism   show
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show To expurgate a piece of writing by omitting material considered offensive or indecorous, especially to female modesty  
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Fireside Poets   show
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show A system for describing conventional rhythms by dividing lines into feet, indicating the locations of binomial accents, and counting the syllables  
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show The art and practice of writing verse. Includes all the mechanical elements making up poetic composition  
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reception theory   show
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Ciceronians   show
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show A group in the Renaissance who favored the introduction of heavy Latin and Greek words into the standard English Vocabulary  
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show A term originally applied to an ancient group of 7 authors and later some others that flourished in France in 2nd half of 16th century. Native language to be enriched by coining words, borrow from Greek and Latin, and restoring lost native words  
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show "eightfolds": 8 versions of a text in parallel columns; usually applied to ancient scriptural texts  
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octastitch   show
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show Having an acute accent on the final syllable  
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show A stanza consisting of 8 iambic pentameter lines rhyming abababcc. Boccaccio is credited with originating the stanza.  
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show produced by a people speaking any of the Celtic dialects ("Brythonic" and Goidelic)  
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wisdom literature   show
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frontier literature   show
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show A poem written so that its printed shape suggests its subject matter  
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show Urbane humor, marked by subtle irony and polite mockery  
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show A movement in Europe during and just after the WWI that ignored logical relationships between idea and statement, argued for absolute freedom, and delivered itself of numerous provocative manifestoes.  
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medievalism   show
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primitivism   show
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show 1) rhetorical duplication of a word or phrase 2) repetition of material in a syllable -- common for diminutives  
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fin de siecle   show
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diminishing metaphor   show
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show Often exploits verbal logic to the point of the grotesque, and it sometimes achieves such extravagant turns on meaning that it becomes absurd. (telling and unusual analogies)  
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show The accent determined by the meaning or intention of the sentence  
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satirical   show
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pragmatic   show
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quantitative verse   show
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show in modern times, any poet. Historically, poets who recited verses glorifying the deeds of heroes and leaders.  
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braggadocio   show
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gleeman   show
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show An Anglo-Saxon court poet; composer and reciter (the gleeman performed it)  
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show A name given to the lyric poets and composers of Provence in 12th and 13th century. Name means "to find"; regarded as an inventor and experimenter.  
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triple rhyme   show
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show A doctrine that pleasure is the chief good of human beings  
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show The idea that primitive human beings are naturally good and that whatever evil they develop is the product of the corrupting action of civilization  
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show The act of identifying ourselves with an object and participating in its physical and emotional sensations, even to the point of making our own physical responses  
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show A character who develops or changes as a result of the actions of the plot  
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flat character   show
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round character   show
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static character   show
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stock character   show
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show a figure of speech combining inconsistent or incongruous metaphors  
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doppleganger   show
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dullahan   show
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ingenue   show
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show The braggart soldier; a stock character in comedy  
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tritagonist   show
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show A term used to describe the effect produced when an emotion or an experience -- whether autobiographical or not -- is so objectified that it can be understood as being independent of the immediate experience of its maker.  
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show the judging of a work of art in terms of its results, especially its emotional effect. Introduced by WK Wimsatt and MC Beardsley to describe the "confusion between the poem and its result"  
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catharsis   show
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show The error, frailty, mistaken judgment, or misstep through which the fortunes of the hero of a tragedy are reversed.  
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show Overweening pride or insolence that results in the misfortune of the protagonist of a tragedy  
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canticle   show
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hagiography   show
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show Writing that ridicules and satirizes a person in a bitter, scurrilous manner in verse or prose  
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burlesque   show
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show A process of reasoning from data to conclusions  
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show The belief that nature is preferable and fundamentally better than any aspect of human culture.  
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expressionism   show
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show A group of attitudes that emphasizes existence rather than essence and sees the inadequacy of human reason to explain the enigma of the unierse as the basic philosophical question  
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aubade   show
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show A rationally ordered poem of praise or blame, proceeding detail by detail.  
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show the thing a metaphor describes.  
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leitmotif   show
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show The immediate subject, as opposed to the ultimate or ulterior intentional subject, of a metaphor. (the thing to which the tenor is compared.)  
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relativism   show
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show Rhyme that appears correct from the spelling, but is not so from the pronunciation (watch and match)  
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show A stanza of three lines -- a triplet -- in which each line ends with the same rhyme  
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merism   show
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trivium   show
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stichomythia   show
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allegory   show
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catch   show
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show The reversal of fortune for a protagonist -- either in a fall in tragedy or in a success in comedy  
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show The name used by Freytag for the event or force that sets in motion the rising action of a play.  
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show Literally "unknotting"; final unraveling of a plot; explanation or outcome  
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catastrophe   show
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show Latin: "from what comes before" for deductive reasoning; goes from general to specific.  
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show Latin word for "crowd" and means "common" or "commonly used"  
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show Latin for "nothing obstructs" used in Roman Catholic Church to grant permission to publish a book  
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show rhetorical augmentation, either a piling on of detail in no particular order or a climactic advancing from small to great.  
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acmeism   show
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scholasticism   show
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show A movement emphasizing the expression of the imagination as realized in dreams and presented without conscious control.  
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show A device marked by full or partial repetition of a word, phrase, or clause more or less frequently throughout a stanza or poem  
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show A stanza, particularly of a song  
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show A unit if rhythm in verse, whether quantitative or accentual-syllabic  
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meter   show
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stich   show
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show A satire or lampoon hung up in a public place  
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caricature   show
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palinode   show
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show The farthest possible place; used often in the sense of a remote goal  
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show a surprising and usually unmotivated stroke in a drama that produces a sensational effect  
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show A feat of strength and virtuosity  
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show the employment of some unexpected and improbable incident to make things turn out right.  
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show A form of understatement in which a thing is affirmed by stating the negative of its opposite  
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antiquarianism   show
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paleography   show
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show an inscription on a stone or on a statue or coin; a quotation on the title page of a book or a motto heading a section of a work  
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show A set of concepts about works of literature and their relationships to the social and cultural contexts in which they were produced.  
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rime riche   show
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show Approximate but not true rhyme  
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pararhyme   show
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folio   show
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show A book size designating a book whose signatures result from sheets folded to four leaves (8 pages)  
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show A book size designating a book whose signature results from sheets folded to 8 leaves or 16 pages  
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duodecimo   show
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canto   show
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novel of sensibility   show
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libretto   show
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show A manuscript book, particularly of biblical or classical writing  
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show A word list or wordbook; a vocabulary; term for dictionary  
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apothegm   show
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show Generally, a word that resembles another and is used in its place for the sake of euphemism, apotropaic deformation, insult, avoidance of libel, or some other purpose. (ex. Gosh for "God")  
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show a type of real person or literary character: the woman who inspires an artist  
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show a stock character type; the dangerously attractive woman  
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Graces   show
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Fates   show
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Muses   show
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show A summary or abridgement; 'miniature representation' of a subject  
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show Matter to be added to a piece of writing  
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show An abstract or epitome of the essential facts or statements of a work, retaining the order of the original  
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Epicureanism   show
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show A doctrine that pleasure is the chief good of human beings  
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Hellenism   show
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ara   show
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invocation   show
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malediction   show
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parable   show
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metastasis   show
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show The movement of any element in a piece of language from its customary place (also a general term for almost any alteration of words or patterns)  
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metanoia   show
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antimetabole   show
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repartee   show
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show Such an arrangement that one element of equal importance with another is similarly developed and phrased  
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show A concluding statement  
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show An inscription used to mark burial places  
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show Strictly, an adjective used to point out a characteristic of a person or thing ('noisy mansions')  
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show A poem written to celebrate a wedding.  
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occasional verse   show
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requiem   show
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show Anonymous and transmitted orally and usually existing in many variants  
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vers de circonstance   show
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antistrophe   show
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show Irony, the satirical or humorous use of a word or phrase to convey an idea exactly opposite to its real significance  
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show A species of enallage, using one part of speech for another, such as "but me no buts" where but (conjunction) is used as a verb then a noun.  
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show A group of writers and thinkers, lead by Virginia Woolf in 1920s and 30s: the rational ends of social progress are "the pleasures of human intercourse and the enjoyment of beautiful objects"  
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show A form of extended metaphor in which objects, persons, places, and actions in a narrative are equated with meanings outside the narrative itself.  
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show the use of one object to represent or suggest another  
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show a work, usually comic, set at a university  
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pluralism   show
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show a movement associated with "Jules Romains" in the first part of the 20th century, emphasizing the collective spirit in society and even in language  
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semiotic   show
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show the rule-governed arrangement of words in sentences.  
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show court poets of the reign of Henry VIII who introduced the "new poetry" from Italy and France into England.  
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topographical poetry   show
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translation   show
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show a poem in which characters boast of their exploits; common in oral literature, ballads, and epics  
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annals   show
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show A style strongly marked by archaisms; an insincere, artificial expression  
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Alexandrianism   show
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show a proverb or saying made familiar by long use  
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show a syllogism informally stated and omitting either the major or the minor premise. The omitted premise is to be understood.  
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ellipsis   show
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show a recurrent grouping of two or more verse lines in terms of length, metrical form, and often rhyme scheme  
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monostitch   show
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show A verse or versicle, especially one of the short verses of a religious scripture  
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hemistitch   show
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show Another name for the metaphysical poets  
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show A group of Elizabethan dramatists, poets, and scholars, with perhaps some of the nobility. Lead by Sir Walter Ralegh.  
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show A contemporary nickname for young poets and dramatists of the 17th century who acknowledged "rare Ben Johnson" as their master; chief was Robert Herrick.  
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Suspension of Disbelief   show
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show the judging of the meaning of success or a work of art by the author's expressed or ostensible intention in producing it  
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show A celebrated phrase put forward in a letter (December 1817) by John Keats "when a man is capable of being in uncertainties, Mysteries, doubts, without any irritable reaching after fact and reason"  
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anthology   show
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chrestomathy   show
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miscellany   show
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show A systematic arrangement of condensed materials on some specific subject so that it summarizes the information on that subject  
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Compendium   show
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show A form of autobiography that deals with customarily hidden or highly private matters.  
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show It was believed that some poets or bards were divinely inspired seers who spoke prophetic truth; they were called ______. An example was Sybil.  
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hypallage   show
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enallage   show
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show a form of verse to be sung or recited and characterized by its presentation of an exciting episode in narrative or dramatic form.  
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chantey   show
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show A change made in a literary text by an editor for removing error or supplying a supposed correct reading that has been obscured or lost through textual inaccuracy or tampering.  
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show the words or acts of a character may carry a meaning unperceived by the character but understood by the audience.  
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show a work or manner that blends a censorious attitude with humor and wit for improving human institutions or humanity.  
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metanalysis   show
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show literally, a manifestation or showing-forth, usually of some divine being.  
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transumption   show
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liminality   show
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show A light satirical parody of a work, style, or genre  
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show any bitter speech or harangue  
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oxymoron   show
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obiter dicta   show
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empiricism   show
🗑
show in drama, a work that recounts a causally related series of events in the life of a person of significance, culminating in an unhappy catastrophe  
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farce   show
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opera bouffe   show
🗑
show also, domestic tragedy; tragedy dealing with the domestic life of commonplace people.  
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alterity   show
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show a form of circumlocution in which the truth is spoken in a way that tends to deceive or mislead  
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show the second half or resolution of a dramatic plot; follows the climax and ends with the catastrophe  
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show the part of a dramatic plot that has to do with the complication of the action; begins with exciting force and ends with the climax  
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plot   show
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show term coined by Ezra Pound; the power of language to cast visual images onto the mind or imagination  
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logopoeia   show
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strophe   show
🗑
show an eight lined stanza  
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dysphemism   show
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hyperbaton   show
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preterition   show
🗑
show the state of having more than one meaning, with resultant uncertainty as to the intended significance of the statement  
🗑
show a metrical foot consisting of three syllables -- the first and last unaccented, the second accented (like ar -RANGE- ment)  
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show repetition at the end of successive clauses/sentences  
🗑
show a kind of repetition in which the last word or phrase of one sentence or line is repeated at the beginning of the next  
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show an element in titles of works dealing with a restoration or return (usually follows a name)  
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genre   show
🗑
show A philosophy that denies validity to speculation or metaphysical questions, maintaining that the proper goal of knowledge is the description and not the explanation of phenomena.  
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show A graphic device of some sort that stands for a special meaning.  
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icon   show
🗑
show something that is itself and which also stands for something else and that, in a literary sense, combines a literal and sensuous quality with an abstract or suggestive aspect.  
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show A group having certain characteristics in common that distinguish them as being members of a definite class 1) literary genre with definable distinguishing characteristics 2)a character who is representative of a class or kind of person.  
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show A rival, opponent or enemy  
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show A protagonist of a modern play or novel who has the converse of most of the traditional attributes of the hero; they are graceless, inept and sometimes stupid or dishonest.  
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deuteragonoist   show
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hero   show
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show The chief character in a work; originally applied to the "first" actor in early Greek drama. Added to the chorus and was its leader.  
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semantics   show
🗑
show An intellectual movement utilizing the methods of structural linguistics and structural anthropology; patterns formed by linguistic elements; literary conventions are a system of codes that contribute to and convey meaning.  
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show A novel in which magic, mystery, and chivalry are the chief characteristics. Originated by Horace Walpole with Castle of Otranto.  
🗑
show A cheaply produced paperbound novel or novelette of mystery, adventure, or violence popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in England.  
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potboiler   show
🗑
show cheaply produced with lurid illustrations and gaudy covers, featuring tales of love, crime, and adventure. Named for the paper it's printed on.  
🗑
show the repetition of initial identical consonant sounds or any vowel sounds in successive or closely associated syllables.  
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show a term applied to writing that consists of little more than a series of incidents, with the episodes succeeding each other and with no particularly logical arrangement or complication.  
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show a device by which a work presents material that occurred prior to the opening scene of the work.  
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foreshadowing   show
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prequel   show
🗑
show From the French word for a stereotype plate; a block for printing, any expression so often used that its freshness and clarity have worn off.  
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idiom   show
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idiotism   show
🗑
show 3 unities: action, place, time. Action is the only one directly mentioned  
🗑
show a list of printed or manuscript materials on any chosen topic; in an analytical sense the history of writing, printing, binding, illustrating and publishing.  
🗑
show a rhetorical term for a rising order of importance in the ideas expressed; each succeeding clause rising in intensity or importance.  
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show a central idea; in nonfiction it is the general topic of discussion, subject of the discourse, the thesis; in poetry, fiction and drama, it is the abstract concept that is made concrete through representation in person, action and image.  
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thesis   show
🗑
show a brief tale told to point a moral. Characters are frequently animals, but sometimes feature people and inanimate objects.  
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Marchen   show
🗑
sketch   show
🗑
chronicle play   show
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comedy   show
🗑
show a work--usually a play--based on a romantic plot and developed sensationally, with little regard for motivation and with an excessive appeal to the emotions of the audience.  
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jongleur   show
🗑
show a musical entertainer or traveling poet of the later Middle Ages; flourished in 13th and 14th centuries. A gifted wandering entertainer, skilled with the harp and tabor, singing songs, reciting romances, and carrying news from place to place.  
🗑
show rude verse; any poorly executed attempt at poetry; characteristics are monotony of rhyme and rhythm, cheap sentiment, and trivial, trite subject matter.  
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vers de societe   show
🗑
vers d'occasion   show
🗑
show a word or phrase made by transposing the letters of another, as "cask" to "sack"  
🗑
show a term applied to statements capable of two different meanings, usually intentional. An example is the witches' prophecies in Macbeth.  
🗑
show reduction of stress on a syllable caused by the rhythmic environment, usually involves monosyllables or which the stress depends on the context.  
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understatement   show
🗑
show in literature, a person who through contrast underscores the distinctive characteristics of another.  
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show The Greek goddess of retributive justice or vengeance. Also applied to divine retribution, when an evil act brings about its own punishment (both the agent and act of merited punishment)  
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regisseur   show
🗑
show A movement in Germany in the last quarter of the 18th century. Revolt from the conventions and tenets of French classicism. Strong nationalistic and folk element, characterized by fervor, enthusiasm, restlessness, portrayal of great passion, emotion  
🗑
show "theater of the world"; metaphorical concept that likens human life to a stage  
🗑
show base, shameful speech  
🗑
show the silent acting out of the meaning of a syllable or a homonym  
🗑
show coined by Mikhail Bakhtin, refers to the interwoven and inseparable nature of time and space as they are represented in a narrative, shaping the characters and events within a story  
🗑
show most are literary compositions typically characterized by imagination, emotion, significant meaning, sense impressions, and concrete language that invites attention to its own physical features; an orderly arrangement of parts.  
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flosculation   show
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spin   show
🗑
show the Greek for imitation, often used specifically to indicate Aristotle's theory of imitation; designate works that imitate characters on a human level.  
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minimalism   show
🗑
show a term used by various philosophers to stress the reality or value of the objective world, importance of the status of an artwork as a physical object.  
🗑
show An African-American folk song developed in Southern US. characteristically short (3 lines), melancholy, frequent repetition, sung slowly in minor mode.  
🗑
show A type of music originated from West Indies, ballad-like improvisation in African rhythms. frequently deal satirically with current topics.  
🗑
rap   show
🗑
show A style of music, song, and performance that became popular in the 1970s, beginning in Jamaica; strongly accented on 2nd and 4th beat; usually rhymed couplets of iambic tetrameter. Religion and politics are subjects.  
🗑
show a song of lamentation; a funeral dirge; Ireland and Scotland means "wailing together" and typically sung by women.  
🗑
show a dirge or lament in which a single mourner expresses grief  
🗑
show there is only one proper procedure or set of principles; matches philosophy of monism  
🗑
show After women's movement following WWII; "The Second Sex" and "Sexual Politics" are founding works, both the study of women's writing and an analysis of the works of male authors and how they portray women and relation to women readers.  
🗑
show based on psychological speculations and discoveries that argues the influence of the unconscious and that has offered a new light on character relationships in literary works.  
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historical criticism   show
🗑
show assumes the independent reality of matter and its priority over mind. A theory of value based on labor, economic determination of all social actions and institutions, the class struggle as basic pattern in history, etc.  
🗑
show a French term that translates as 'raw art', invented by the French artist Jean Dubuffet to describe art such as graffiti or naïve art  
🗑
show a form of historical writing; concern with larger aspects of history  
🗑
show a long narrative poem in elevated style presenting characters of high position in adventures, forming an organic whole through their relation to a central heroic figure and through their development of episodes important to the history of a nation or race  
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legend   show
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saga   show
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mesostich   show
🗑
show a poem where the last letters of successive lines spell out a word, phrase, or the consecutive letters of the alphabet,  
🗑
show an anonymous story that presents supernatural episodes as a means of interpreting natural events.  
🗑
anacope   show
🗑
show the acoustic counterpart of anagram. The sounds composing one word or phrase are rearranged to make another word or phrase.  
🗑
show having an obstinately uncooperative attitude toward authority or discipline.  
🗑
show A group of 1940s writers who struggle to see the world afresh -- in a different light -- as might a visitor from a different place  
🗑
show literary and scientific people around Cambridge and Boston in mid 19th century who came together at irregular intervals chiefly for social intercourse and good conversation.  
🗑
show a broad term referring to the recognition of a reality different from appearance.  
🗑
metaphor   show
🗑
show a figure in which a similarity between two objects is directly expressed.  
🗑
queer theory   show
🗑
show a scholarly activity that attempts to establish the authoritative text of a work.  
🗑
sociological criticism   show
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show the audience is kept at such a distance that unthinking emotional and personal involvement is inhibited while political messages are delivered.  
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show opposite of verisimilitude; instead of making beholders forget or ignore the fact that they are encountering an artifact, much art admits that it is not transparent but opaque  
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show the idea of 'pure expressiveness' of literary speech, in which a writer's use of language deviates sufficiently from the structures of ordinary discourse to displace or arrest the function of signification.  
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perissology   show
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novel of ideas   show
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show a term for a novel in which episodic action dominates and plot and character are subordinate.  
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show incompetent poet  
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trouvere   show
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triple meter   show
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show the use or study of poetic meters; prosody.  
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poetics   show
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show the principles of versification, particularly as they refer to rhyme, meter, rhythm and stanza  
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comparative literature   show
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didactic poetry   show
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show literature, usually prose fiction, entirely or partly written as letters  
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frontier literature   show
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Romantic novel   show
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