EPPP 2024 Clinical
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show | Repression, denial, reaction formation, projection, sublimation
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What is repression? | show 🗑
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show | An immature defense mechanism that involves refusing to acknowledge distressing aspects of reality. Methods include ignoring, distorting and rejecting reality.
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show | Defending against an unacceptable impulse by expressing its opposite
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show | Attributing unacceptable impulses to another person
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show | Channelling unacceptable impulses into a socially desirable endeavor.
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When does individuation occur? | show 🗑
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show | A person who is not defensive, is open to new experiences, and engaged in the process of self-actualization.
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show | ➺ People are motivated to maintain a state of homeostasis, which is repeatedly disrupted by unfulfilled needs
➺People seek to obtain something from the environment to satisfy their needs to restore homeostasis
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What does the empty chair technique entail and what therapy uses it? | show 🗑
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show | ➺ Personal Construct Therapy
➺ Involved having a client role-play a fictional character that is described by the therapist and construes events in alternative ways.
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What are some examples of personal constructs? | show 🗑
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What therapy assumes that people have five basic innate needs and how a person fulfills these needs determines success vs failure identity? | show 🗑
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show | Existential therapies
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show | Existential therapies
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show | Person-Centered Therapy
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show | Empathy, unconditional positive regard and congruence
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What does congruence refer to in person-centered therapy? | show 🗑
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show | Person-Centered Therapy
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What therapy involves the primary goal of facilitating the process of individuation? | show 🗑
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show | Universal thoughts and images that predispose people to act in similar ways in certain circumstances and expressed in myths, symbols, dreams and include the persona, shadow, hero, anima & animus.
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show | Freudian psychoanalysis
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What existential therapy has the goal of gaining awareness of current thoughts, feelings and actions? | show 🗑
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show | The state in which people are so involved in an activity that nothing else matters.
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What conditions are people most likely to experience flow in? | show 🗑
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What brief therapy has the primary goal of symptom relief and improved interpersonal functioning? | show 🗑
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What was IPT originally developed for and by whom? | show 🗑
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show | In the initial stage of therapy, client's are assigned the sick role in order to allow them to be ill without blaming themselves for their symptoms and to view their illness as temporary and treatable.
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What are the main problem areas for depression? | show 🗑
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What is the most important factor for determining motivation in the contemplation stage? | show 🗑
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___________________ is an important determinant of whether a person transitions from the contemplation to the preparation stage and then from preparation to action? | show 🗑
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What is usually strongest during the first few stages of change? | show 🗑
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show | Roger's person-centered therapy, Prochaska & DiClemente's transtheoretical model, Bandura's concept of self-efficacy & Festinger's notion of cognitive dissonance.
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MI is considered particularly useful for reducing resistance and ambivalence of clients who are in the _________________ or _______________ stage? | show 🗑
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What does developing discrepancy entail? | show 🗑
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What is change talk and sustain talk? | show 🗑
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show | Statements that signal dissonance in the therapist-client relationship
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When is decisional balance DB contraindicated? | show 🗑
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When is decisional balance ideal to use? | show 🗑
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show | MI + CBT = more beneficial than CBT alone for several disorders including GAD & OCD
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show | ➺Change can occur in a brief therapeutic process
➺Therapy should have goals agreed upon by client/therapist
➺Appropriate for certain types of clients only
➺Active role
➺Emphasize positive transference
➺Address concerns about termination early
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_____________ are core beliefs that develop during childhood as the result of experience and certain biological factors | show 🗑
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show | That different disorders are associated with different maladaptive schemas
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show | Negative beliefs about the self, the world and the future
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What are automatic thoughts? | show 🗑
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show | Systematic errors in reasoning that affect thinking when a stressful situation triggers a dysfunctional schema that affects the content of automatic thoughts.
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show | Drawing negative conclusions without any supporting evidence
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show | Paying attention to and exaggerating a minor negative detail of a situation while ignoring other aspects of the situation
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show | The tendency to classify events as representing one of two extremes eg: success or failure
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show | Blaming oneself for external events that one has no control over
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show | Reliance on one's emotional state to draw conclusions about oneself, others, and situations
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show | Socratic dialogue
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What model was originally designed to teach problem-solving skills to children with high levels of impulsivity? | show 🗑
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What four skills are addressed in self-instructional training? | show 🗑
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show | Stress inoculation training
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What is experiential acceptance in ACT? | show 🗑
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show | The process of learning to notice the process of thought rather than getting caught up in the content - ability to distance from thoughts & feelings and view them as experiences rather than reality
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What is being present in ACT? | show 🗑
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show | Ability to view oneself as the context in which one's thoughts & feelings occur rather than as the thoughts and feelings themselves.
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What is values-based action in ACT? | show 🗑
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show | A commitment to continue to act in ways consistent with one's values in the future, even when faced with obstacles.
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show | They reduce suicidal ideation, attempts, feelings of hopelessness and depression regardless of gender, severity of ideation and number of attempts.
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show | Primary mechanisms are attention regulation, emotion regulation, body awareness and decentering (aka reperceiving and is the ability to separate oneself from thoughts and emotions and view them as transient mental events)
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What are most family therapies rooted in? | show 🗑
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show | General systems theory
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What is cybernetic theory concerned with? | show 🗑
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What type of communication pattern is linked to the development of schizophrenia? | show 🗑
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Symmetrical interactions | show 🗑
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show | Reflect inequality and occur when the behavior of one person complements the behavior of the other person. A common pattern is for one person to be dominant and the other becomes more subordinate.
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How do recent approaches to family therapy differ and what are they influenced by? | show 🗑
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show | Bowen's work with children with schizophrenia and their families
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show | Differentiation, emotional triangles, family projection process & multigenerational transmission process
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show | He believed that ⬆ differentiation of one family member ⬆ differentiation in other members ∴ the goal is to ⬆ each family member's differentiation
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What is the role of a Bowenian family therapist? | show 🗑
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What therapy is based on the assumption that a family member's symptoms are related to problems in the family's structure? | show 🗑
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What therapy involves 3 overlapping phases called joining, evaluating & intervening that focus on promoting behavior change rather than insight? | show 🗑
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show | Joining
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What does mimesis involve? | show 🗑
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show | A technique used in the joining phase of therapy that involves adopting the content of the family's communications
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What does maintenance entail in structural family therapy? | show 🗑
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What does the evaluation phase of therapy involve in structural family therapy? | show 🗑
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What techniques are used in the intervening phase of therapy in structural family therapy? | show 🗑
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__________________ involves relabeling a problematic behavior so it can be viewed in a more constructive way and is used in what family therapy approach? | show 🗑
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_____________________ is used to alter hierarchical relationships and occurs when the therapist aligns with a family member whose level of power needs to be increased. | show 🗑
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show | Boundary making; Structural Family Therapy
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show | Enactment
Structural Family Therapy
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show | Strategic family therapy
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In strategic family therapy, what are power & control primarily determined by and what produces distress in families? | show 🗑
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What family therapy has the primary goal of altering family interactions that are maintaining its symptoms? | show 🗑
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What role do strategic family therapists assume? | show 🗑
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show | Brief social stage: welcome family & observe interactions
Problem stage: Elicit member's view of the problem/causes
Interactional stage: members discuss views of problem, therapist observes
Goal setting stage: help members agree on problem & goals
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___________ _____________ are instructions to engage in a specific behavior that will change how family members interact that are used in what family therapy approach? | show 🗑
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show | Help family members realize that they have control over problematic behavior or use the resistance of family members to help them change in the desired way.
Strategic Family Therapy
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What types of paradoxical directives might a strategic family therapist use? | show 🗑
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What family therapy assumes that the family as a whole protects itself from change through homeostatic rules & patterns of communication? | show 🗑
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show | Milan Systemic family therapy
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show | Alter the family rules and communication patterns that are maintaining problematic behavior
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What distinguished Milan Systemic Family Therapy from other family therapies? | show 🗑
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What strategies are used in Milan Systemic Family Therapy? | show 🗑
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show | A process of speculating and making assumptions about the family situation. Hypotheses are modified during therapy as new info arises about family functioning.
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What does neutrality refer to in Milan Systemic Family Therapy? | show 🗑
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show | Involves asking each member the same question to identify differences in perceptions about events & relationships and uncover communication patterns
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"When mom is depressed, what does Dad do?" is an example of what strategy used in what family therapy? | show 🗑
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What does positive connotation refer to in Milan Systemic Family Therapy? | show 🗑
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show | Activities carried out by family members between sessions and are designed to alter problematic family games.
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show | Satir's Conjoint Family Therapy
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What are the four types of dysfunctional communication styles in Conjoint Family Therapy? | show 🗑
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What is a congruent (leveling) style of communication? | show 🗑
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show | Conjoint Family Therapy
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What does Satir propose about the role of the therapist? | show 🗑
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show | Having each family member take a turn positioning family members in ways that depict his/her view of family relationships.
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show | A type of psychodrama that involves role-playing three generations of the family to explore unresolved family issues & events used in Conjoint Family Therapy
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show | Narrative family therapy
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What are sparkling moments in narrative family therapy? | show 🗑
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show | A collaborator role
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Asking a family member what his anger tells him to do is an example of what type of question in what family therapy? | show 🗑
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show | An opening space question in narrative family therapy
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What are opening space questions and what family therapy utilizes them? | show 🗑
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What are therapeutic letters in narrative family therapy? | show 🗑
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What are therapeutic certificates in narrative family therapy? | show 🗑
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show | Provides family members with opportunities to tell others how they overcame their problems and celebrate the changes they've made in their lives.
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When is EFT contraindicated for couples? | show 🗑
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What family therapy has the goal of expanding and restructuring the emotional experiences people have with each other to develop new interactional patterns & experience attachment security? | show 🗑
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show | When outcomes were compared for couples who received EFT only, EMDR only, combined EFT & EMDR or no treatment, couples in the combined group had greatest improvement in marital satisfaction & attachment security.
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What are the stages of FFT? Remember EBG | show 🗑
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What does Functional Family Therapy assume? | show 🗑
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show | Functional family therapy
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show | Multisystemic therapy
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How is effectiveness of MST monitored? | show 🗑
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What stage of group therapy may involve members becoming hostile or resentful toward therapist when they realize they are not going to be the therapist's "favorite child"? | show 🗑
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show | Development of cohesiveness stage
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show | Group cohesiveness
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The interpersonal aspect of differentiation in Bowen's family therapy refers to? | show 🗑
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show | A person's ability to distinguish between his/her own feelings & thoughts
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What is the goal of primary prevention in Caplan's Model? | show 🗑
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What is the goal of secondary prevention in Caplan's Model? | show 🗑
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What is the goal of tertiary prevention in Caplan's Model? | show 🗑
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show | They target entire populations or groups that are not restricted to individuals who are at risk for a disorder
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show | They are aimed at individuals who have been identified as being at ⬆ risk for a disorder due to their biological, psychological or social characteristics
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show | They are for individuals who are known to be high-risk because they have early or minimal signs of a disorder
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show | A focus on a specific client of a consultee (therapist or program administrator) who is having difficulty providing client with effective services. The goal of the consultant is to provide the consultee with a plan to benefit the client.
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show | A focus on the consultee with the goal of improving their ability to work effectively with current and future clients who are similar in some way to improve the consultees knowledge, skills, confidence and/or objectivity.
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show | Theme interference: occurs when a consultee's biases and unfounded beliefs interfere with the ability to be objective when working with certain types of clients
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show | Working with program administrators to help clarify/resolve problems with an existing mental health program. The consultant's goal is to provide administrators with recommendations for dealing with problems in developing, administering and/or evaluating
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What does consultee-centered administrative consultation entail in Caplan's Mental Health Consultation model? | show 🗑
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What are the three primary functions of interprofessional collaboration? | show 🗑
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What does research suggest regarding the efficacy of interprofessional collaboration? | show 🗑
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____________ ______________ _____________ are also known as clinical trials and maximize internal validity. | show 🗑
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show | Ability to draw conclusions about the cause-effect relationship between therapy & outcomes
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What type of study maximizes external validity by providing therapy in naturalistic clinical settings? | show 🗑
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What is external validity? | show 🗑
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What did Eysenck propose about the effectiveness of therapy? | show 🗑
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show | A predictable relationship between number of therapy sessions and the probability of measurable improvement in symptoms.
↪ 50% see improvement by 6-8 sessions; 75% by 26 sessions; 85% by 52 sessions
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What does the phase model propose regarding therapy outcomes? | show 🗑
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show | Different outcome measures should be used during different phases of therapy
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show | To compare the costs and benefits of one or multiple interventions, expressed in monetary terms
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show | Used to compare the costs & benefits of two or more interventions when the benefits cannot be expressed in monetary terms.
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What is cost-utility analysis (CUA) used for? | show 🗑
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show | Cognitive therapy, REBT & fluoxetine were compared.
↪ Results showed that CT and REBT both had great cost-utility than fluoxetine but did not differ significantly
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What does WEIRD acronym refer to? | show 🗑
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show | 1) Routinely administered symptom, outcome or process measure, ideally before each clinical encounter
2) Practitioner review of data
3) Patient review of data
4) Collaborative evaluation of treatment plan informed by the data
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What do therapists report as barriers to implementing ROM? | show 🗑
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show | ➺Concerns about confidentiality
➺Time needed to complete the measures
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What does research show in terms of effectiveness of transdiagnostic treatments? | show 🗑
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What are some examples of transdiagnostic treatments? | show 🗑
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What does Emotion-Focused Therapy - Transdiagnostic (EFT-T) target? | show 🗑
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What does Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy-Enhanced (CBT-E) target? | show 🗑
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show | The core characteristic of neuroticism that underlies anxiety, depression & related disorders
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show | ➺ Recommended treatment should be the least restrictive of those available but likely to provide significant health gain
➺Self-correcting, which involves systematic monitoring of treatment results
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show | Increase efficiency of health care services & accessibility of effective treatments through better allocation of scarce mental health resources
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What is a commonly cited model of stepped care for depression? | show 🗑
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___________ ______________ refers to the degree to which a treatment is delivered as intended and is affected by therapist adherence to treatment protocol and competence in delivering the treatment. | show 🗑
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show | Proposes that disabilities are medical conditions that deviate from the norm and are intrinsic to a person. Interventions focus on treatments that will manage, alter or cure the medical condition causing the disability
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show | Views disability as a difference, not an abnormality/deficiency and interventions focus on making societal and environmental changes that reduce barriers for people with disabilities.
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show | Views disability as the cause of a person's inability to perform a functional role at work or elsewhere. It focuses on identifying accommodations, modifications or assistive tech to help improve functioning
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show | Focuses on legal concepts and requires objective proof of impairment and disability and distinguishing between honest and dishonest people in order to identify the appropriate interventions or consequences.
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show | CBT for BN delivered in-person vs. telepsych had similar attrition rates & beneficial effects, but in-person had much higher reductions in eating disordered cognitions and depression
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What are some explanations for the difference in effectiveness of telepsych & in-person for bulimia | show 🗑
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_____________ is a boundary disturbance that occurs when people adopt values of other people without evaluation or awareness | show 🗑
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show | Projection
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_____________ is a boundary disturbance that occurs when people do to themselves what they'd like to do to other people | show 🗑
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_____________ is a boundary disturbance that occurs when people avoid contact with the environment | show 🗑
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____________ is a boundary disturbance that occurs when people blur the distinction between themselves and others | show 🗑
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What does general systems theory propose of how families function? | show 🗑
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show | ➺Family systems receive info via negative & positive feedback loops
➺Negative loops resist change and maintain status quo (deviation minimization)
➺ Positive loops amplify change and disrupt status quo (deviation amplification)
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show | They assume that there are multiple viewpoints and realities and view each person's reality as being cognitive or socially constructed.
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What is the consequence of family members who have low levels of differentiation? | show 🗑
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What is the consequences of overly rigid and over diffuse boundaries in a family according to structural family therapy? | show 🗑
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What is clean versus dirty pain and what therapeutic approach uses these concepts? | show 🗑
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show | 75%
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show | An anxiety disorder and may be treated with guided imagery
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What medication might be prescribed for selective mutism? | show 🗑
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show |
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