Help
Options
Question
What are the types of defense mechanisms proposed by Freud?
click to flip
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't know
Question
What is repression?
Remaining cards (192)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
EPPP 2024 Clinical
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the types of defense mechanisms proposed by Freud? | Repression, denial, reaction formation, projection, sublimation |
| What is repression? | Basis of all other defense mechanisms, is involuntary and involves keeping undesirable thoughts & urges out of conscious awareness |
| What is denial? | An immature defense mechanism that involves refusing to acknowledge distressing aspects of reality. Methods include ignoring, distorting and rejecting reality. |
| What is reaction formation? | Defending against an unacceptable impulse by expressing its opposite |
| What is projection? | Attributing unacceptable impulses to another person |
| What is sublimation? | Channelling unacceptable impulses into a socially desirable endeavor. |
| When does individuation occur? | Primarily during the second half of life |
| What does Roger's define as a "fully functioning person?" | A person who is not defensive, is open to new experiences, and engaged in the process of self-actualization. |
| What are the two assumptions of Gestalt Therapy? | ➺ People are motivated to maintain a state of homeostasis, which is repeatedly disrupted by unfulfilled needs ➺People seek to obtain something from the environment to satisfy their needs to restore homeostasis |
| What does the empty chair technique entail and what therapy uses it? | ➺Therapy: Gestalt ➺Involves the client interacting with opposing aspects of personality or to resolve unfinished business with a significant person in the client's past or present. |
| What is fixed-role therapy and what therapy does it originate from? | ➺ Personal Construct Therapy ➺ Involved having a client role-play a fictional character that is described by the therapist and construes events in alternative ways. |
| What are some examples of personal constructs? | Fair/unfair, friend/enemy, relevant/irrelevant |
| What therapy assumes that people have five basic innate needs and how a person fulfills these needs determines success vs failure identity? | Reality therapy |
| What therapies emphasize personal responsibility and choice and are based on the assumption that each person must define his/her personal existence? | Existential therapies |
| What therapy type has the goal of helping clients lead more authentic lives by helping them take charge of their life? | Existential therapies |
| What therapy involves providing clients with the three facilitative core conditions? | Person-Centered Therapy |
| What are the three facilitative core conditions | Empathy, unconditional positive regard and congruence |
| What does congruence refer to in person-centered therapy? | Being genuine, authentic and honest as the therapist |
| What therapy is based on the assumption that all people have an innate drive towards self-actualization? | Person-Centered Therapy |
| What therapy involves the primary goal of facilitating the process of individuation? | Jung's Analytical Psychology |
| What are archetypes referred to in Jung's Analytical Psychology? | Universal thoughts and images that predispose people to act in similar ways in certain circumstances and expressed in myths, symbols, dreams and include the persona, shadow, hero, anima & animus. |
| What therapy reflects a deterministic and pessimistic view of human nature? | Freudian psychoanalysis |
| What existential therapy has the goal of gaining awareness of current thoughts, feelings and actions? | Gestalt Therapy |
| What is flow referred to in positive psychology? | The state in which people are so involved in an activity that nothing else matters. |
| What conditions are people most likely to experience flow in? | When there is a challenge-skill balance, which occurs when people believe they have the skills needed to meet an activity's challenge and the challenge and skill level are both relatively high. |
| What brief therapy has the primary goal of symptom relief and improved interpersonal functioning? | Interpersonal psychotherapy |
| What was IPT originally developed for and by whom? | Klerman & Weissman for acute depression |
| What is the "sick role" in IPT? | In the initial stage of therapy, client's are assigned the sick role in order to allow them to be ill without blaming themselves for their symptoms and to view their illness as temporary and treatable. |
| What are the main problem areas for depression? | Interpersonal role disputes, interpersonal role transitions, interpersonal deficits & grief |
| What is the most important factor for determining motivation in the contemplation stage? | Decisional balance |
| ___________________ is an important determinant of whether a person transitions from the contemplation to the preparation stage and then from preparation to action? | Self-efficacy |
| What is usually strongest during the first few stages of change? | Temptation |
| What types of therapy does MI Draw from? | Roger's person-centered therapy, Prochaska & DiClemente's transtheoretical model, Bandura's concept of self-efficacy & Festinger's notion of cognitive dissonance. |
| MI is considered particularly useful for reducing resistance and ambivalence of clients who are in the _________________ or _______________ stage? | Precontemplation or contemplation |
| What does developing discrepancy entail? | Helping clients see the difference between their current behaviors and their values/goals |
| What is change talk and sustain talk? | Change talk: statements that favor change Sustain talk: statements that favor maintaining the status quo |
| What does discord refer to in MI? | Statements that signal dissonance in the therapist-client relationship |
| When is decisional balance DB contraindicated? | When the goal is to resolve ambivalence in order to promote change because by identifying negative consequences of changing, the client may become less willing to take steps to do so. |
| When is decisional balance ideal to use? | When the therapist's goal is to maintain a neutral position about the direction of change while assessing a client's readiness for change. |
| What has research found for the combination of MI & CBT? | MI + CBT = more beneficial than CBT alone for several disorders including GAD & OCD |
| What similarities do brief psychodynamic psychotherapies share? | ➺Change can occur in a brief therapeutic process ➺Therapy should have goals agreed upon by client/therapist ➺Appropriate for certain types of clients only ➺Active role ➺Emphasize positive transference ➺Address concerns about termination early |
| _____________ are core beliefs that develop during childhood as the result of experience and certain biological factors | Cognitive schemas |
| What did Beck propose about cognitive schemas? | That different disorders are associated with different maladaptive schemas |
| What maladaptive schema or cognitive profile is associated with depression? | Negative beliefs about the self, the world and the future |
| What are automatic thoughts? | Verbal self-statements or images that come spontaneously when triggered by circumstance that can be negative and positive. |
| What are cognitive distortions? | Systematic errors in reasoning that affect thinking when a stressful situation triggers a dysfunctional schema that affects the content of automatic thoughts. |
| What is arbitrary inference? | Drawing negative conclusions without any supporting evidence |
| What is selective abstraction? | Paying attention to and exaggerating a minor negative detail of a situation while ignoring other aspects of the situation |
| What is dichotomous thinking? | The tendency to classify events as representing one of two extremes eg: success or failure |
| What is personalization | Blaming oneself for external events that one has no control over |
| What is emotional reasoning? | Reliance on one's emotional state to draw conclusions about oneself, others, and situations |
| ______________ ________________ involves asking questions that are designed to clarify and define the client's problems, identify the thoughts and assumptions that underlie those problems and evaluate the consequences of maintaining maladaptive thoughts. | Socratic dialogue |
| What model was originally designed to teach problem-solving skills to children with high levels of impulsivity? | Self-instructional training |
| What four skills are addressed in self-instructional training? | identifying the nature of the task, focusing attention on the task and behaviors needed to complete it, providing self-reinforcement that sustains appropriate behavior & evaluating performance/correcting errors |
| What therapy focuses on improving the ability of clients to better deal with ongoing and future stressful situations? | Stress inoculation training |
| What is experiential acceptance in ACT? | The process of practicing non-judgmental awareness to internal and external events |
| What is cognitive defusion in ACT? | The process of learning to notice the process of thought rather than getting caught up in the content - ability to distance from thoughts & feelings and view them as experiences rather than reality |
| What is being present in ACT? | Being in contact with whatever is happening in the present moment |
| What is awareness of self as context in ACT? | Ability to view oneself as the context in which one's thoughts & feelings occur rather than as the thoughts and feelings themselves. |
| What is values-based action in ACT? | Ability to use one's freely chosen values to guide behavior |
| What is committed action in ACT? | A commitment to continue to act in ways consistent with one's values in the future, even when faced with obstacles. |
| What does the evidence show regarding the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapies for suicide prevention? | They reduce suicidal ideation, attempts, feelings of hopelessness and depression regardless of gender, severity of ideation and number of attempts. |
| What are the proposed mechanisms responsible for effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions? | Primary mechanisms are attention regulation, emotion regulation, body awareness and decentering (aka reperceiving and is the ability to separate oneself from thoughts and emotions and view them as transient mental events) |
| What are most family therapies rooted in? | General systems theory, cybernetic theory & communication theory |
| _____________ ____________ ____________ predicts that all systems consist of interacting components, are governed by the same rules and have homeostatic mechanisms that help maintain stability & equilibrium. | General systems theory |
| What is cybernetic theory concerned with? | The mechanisms that regulate a system's functioning and distinguished between positive and negative feedback loops |
| What type of communication pattern is linked to the development of schizophrenia? | Double-bind communication |
| Symmetrical interactions | Reflect equality and occur when the behavior of one person elicits a similar type of behavior from the other person. This can escalate and become a "one-upmanship game" |
| Complementary interactions | Reflect inequality and occur when the behavior of one person complements the behavior of the other person. A common pattern is for one person to be dominant and the other becomes more subordinate. |
| How do recent approaches to family therapy differ and what are they influenced by? | Influenced by postmodernism, which challenges the basic premises of general systems theory, including that there are universal laws that govern systems and can be discovered in scientific research. |
| What is extended family systems therapy derived from? | Bowen's work with children with schizophrenia and their families |
| What are the primary terms used by Bowen? | Differentiation, emotional triangles, family projection process & multigenerational transmission process |
| What did Bowen believe and what is the goal of extended family systems therapy? | He believed that ⬆ differentiation of one family member ⬆ differentiation in other members ∴ the goal is to ⬆ each family member's differentiation |
| What is the role of a Bowenian family therapist? | A coaching role that remains neutral and avoids becoming involved in the family's emotional processes |
| What therapy is based on the assumption that a family member's symptoms are related to problems in the family's structure? | Structural Family Therapy |
| What therapy involves 3 overlapping phases called joining, evaluating & intervening that focus on promoting behavior change rather than insight? | Structural Family Therapy |
| _________________ is used by a structural family therapist to establish a therapeutic alliance with the family and relies on mimesis, tracking & maintenance? | Joining |
| What does mimesis involve? | A technique used in the joining phase of structural family therapy that involves adopting a family's affective, behavioral & communication style. |
| What does tracking involve in structural family therapy? | A technique used in the joining phase of therapy that involves adopting the content of the family's communications |
| What does maintenance entail in structural family therapy? | A technique used in the joining phase of therapy that involves providing family members with support |
| What does the evaluation phase of therapy involve in structural family therapy? | Evaluating the family's structure to make a structural diagnosis and identify appropriate interventions. This includes a family map that depicts family's subsystems, boundaries and other aspects of the structure. |
| What techniques are used in the intervening phase of therapy in structural family therapy? | Reframing, unbalancing, boundary making, enactment |
| __________________ involves relabeling a problematic behavior so it can be viewed in a more constructive way and is used in what family therapy approach? | Reframing Minuchin's Structural Family Therapy |
| _____________________ is used to alter hierarchical relationships and occurs when the therapist aligns with a family member whose level of power needs to be increased. | Unbalancing |
| ________________ ____________ is used to alter the degree of proximity between family members used in ________ ________ ___________ | Boundary making; Structural Family Therapy |
| ___________________ involves asking family members to role-play a problematic interaction so the therapist can obtain info about the interaction and encourage alternative ways of interacting and is used in what family therapy approach? | Enactment Structural Family Therapy |
| What family therapy assumes that struggles for power & control in relationships are core features of family functioning? | Strategic family therapy |
| In strategic family therapy, what are power & control primarily determined by and what produces distress in families? | Power & control are determined by hierarchies within a family and maladaptive functioning is often related to unclear or inappropriate hierarchies. |
| What family therapy has the primary goal of altering family interactions that are maintaining its symptoms? | Strategic family therapy |
| What role do strategic family therapists assume? | An active role |
| What does an initial session in strategic family therapy consist of? | Brief social stage: welcome family & observe interactions Problem stage: Elicit member's view of the problem/causes Interactional stage: members discuss views of problem, therapist observes Goal setting stage: help members agree on problem & goals |
| ___________ _____________ are instructions to engage in a specific behavior that will change how family members interact that are used in what family therapy approach? | Straightforward directives Strategic family therapy Remember they both start with similar things - strat/straight |
| What are paradoxical directives and what family therapy uses them? | Help family members realize that they have control over problematic behavior or use the resistance of family members to help them change in the desired way. Strategic Family Therapy |
| What types of paradoxical directives might a strategic family therapist use? | Prescribing the symptom: instructing members to engage in the problem behavior, often in an exaggerated way Restraining: encouraging members not to change Ordeal: unpleasant task when a member uses an undesirable behavior |
| What family therapy assumes that the family as a whole protects itself from change through homeostatic rules & patterns of communication? | Milan Systemic Family Therapy |
| What family therapy refers to the use of family games & dirty games? | Milan Systemic family therapy |
| What is the primary goal of Milan Systemic Family Therapy? | Alter the family rules and communication patterns that are maintaining problematic behavior |
| What distinguished Milan Systemic Family Therapy from other family therapies? | Its use of a therapeutic team and five-part therapy sessions and gaps between therapy sessions of 4-6 weeks. |
| What strategies are used in Milan Systemic Family Therapy? | Hypothesizing, neutrality, circular questioning, positive connotation, family rituals |
| What does hypothesizing refer to in Milan Systemic Family Therapy? | A process of speculating and making assumptions about the family situation. Hypotheses are modified during therapy as new info arises about family functioning. |
| What does neutrality refer to in Milan Systemic Family Therapy? | The therapist's interest in the family's situation and acceptance of each member's perception of the problem. |
| What does circular questioning refer to in Milan Systemic Family Therapy? | Involves asking each member the same question to identify differences in perceptions about events & relationships and uncover communication patterns |
| "When mom is depressed, what does Dad do?" is an example of what strategy used in what family therapy? | An example of circular questioning used in milan systemic family therapy |
| What does positive connotation refer to in Milan Systemic Family Therapy? | A type of reframing that helps family members view a symptom as beneficial because it maintains the family's cohesion & wellbeing. The purpose is to change the perception of a symptom. |
| What do family rituals refer to in Milan Systemic Family Therapy? | Activities carried out by family members between sessions and are designed to alter problematic family games. |
| What family therapy assumes that problems occur as a result of balance being maintained by unrealistic expectations, inappropriate rules/roles & dysfunctional communication? | Satir's Conjoint Family Therapy |
| What are the four types of dysfunctional communication styles in Conjoint Family Therapy? | Placating, blaming, computing & distracting |
| What is a congruent (leveling) style of communication? | A functional style characterized by congruence between verbal and nonverbal messages, directness and authenticity & emotional engagement with others. |
| ___________ ____________ _____________ has the primary goal of enhancing the growth potential of family members by increasing their self-esteem, strengthening problem solving skills & helping them communicate congruently? | Conjoint Family Therapy |
| What does Satir propose about the role of the therapist? | The therapist has multiple roles, including facilitator, mediator, advocate, educator and role model |
| What does family sculpting involve? | Having each family member take a turn positioning family members in ways that depict his/her view of family relationships. |
| What does family reconstruction entail and what family therapy uses it? | A type of psychodrama that involves role-playing three generations of the family to explore unresolved family issues & events used in Conjoint Family Therapy |
| What family therapy assumes that the problem - not the person - is the problem? | Narrative family therapy |
| What are sparkling moments in narrative family therapy? | Experiences that are not consistent with the problem-saturated stories. |
| What role does a narrative family therapist assume? | A collaborator role |
| Asking a family member what his anger tells him to do is an example of what type of question in what family therapy? | An externalizing question in narrative family therapy |
| Asking family members if there have ever been times when conflicts didn't control their lives is an example of what type of question in what family therapy? | An opening space question in narrative family therapy |
| What are opening space questions and what family therapy utilizes them? | Help family members identify unique outcomes used in Narrative Family Therapy |
| What are therapeutic letters in narrative family therapy? | The therapist writes letters to family members reinforcing their emerging alternative stories |
| What are therapeutic certificates in narrative family therapy? | Are given to family members toward the end of therapy to acknowledge their accomplishments. |
| What are definitional ceremonies in narrative family therapy? | Provides family members with opportunities to tell others how they overcame their problems and celebrate the changes they've made in their lives. |
| When is EFT contraindicated for couples? | When the partners have different agendas, when the therapist believes that emotional vulnerability is not safe, or when a partner has an untreated substance use disorder. |
| What family therapy has the goal of expanding and restructuring the emotional experiences people have with each other to develop new interactional patterns & experience attachment security? | Emotionally focused therapy |
| What has research shown on the effectiveness of integration of EMDR in couples therapy? | When outcomes were compared for couples who received EFT only, EMDR only, combined EFT & EMDR or no treatment, couples in the combined group had greatest improvement in marital satisfaction & attachment security. |
| What are the stages of FFT? Remember EBG | Engagement/motivation: forming TA, help ⬇ hopelessness, ⬆ optimism for change Behavior change: immediate & LT-goals identified & treatment plan is implemented Generalization: providing community resources & generalize skills to new probs/avoid relapse |
| What does Functional Family Therapy assume? | Problematic behaviors within a family serve important relationship functions such as regulating interpersonal connections and relational hierarchies. |
| What family therapy has the primary goal of replacing problematic behaviors with nonproblematic behaviors that fulfill the same relationship functions? | Functional family therapy |
| What family therapy focuses on specific individual, family, peer, school and social network variables that contribute to a youth's presenting problems and on interactions between those factors? | Multisystemic therapy |
| How is effectiveness of MST monitored? | Use of a quality assurance system to promote treatment fidelity that includes initial/booster training of therapists, ongoing supervision & consultation, measures to evaluate therapist adherence & program implementation review completed every 6 months. |
| What stage of group therapy may involve members becoming hostile or resentful toward therapist when they realize they are not going to be the therapist's "favorite child"? | Conflict, dominance & rebellion stage |
| What stage of group therapy involves members beginning to trust and may reveal the real reason they have come to therapy? | Development of cohesiveness stage |
| Of Yalom's 11 therapeutic factors, which is considered to be analogous to the therapeutic relationship and a precondition for all other factors? | Group cohesiveness |
| The interpersonal aspect of differentiation in Bowen's family therapy refers to? | The ability to separate his/her own emotional and intellectual functioning from the functioning of others |
| The intrapersonal aspect of differentiation in Bowen's family therapy refers to? | A person's ability to distinguish between his/her own feelings & thoughts |
| What is the goal of primary prevention in Caplan's Model? | Reduce the occurrence of new cases of a mental or physical disorder by aiming preventions at an entire population or group rather than specific individuals, who may or may not be at an ⬆ risk for a disorder |
| What is the goal of secondary prevention in Caplan's Model? | Reduce the prevalence of a mental/physical disorder in the population through early detection and intervention by aiming at specific individuals identified as at risk for the disorder. |
| What is the goal of tertiary prevention in Caplan's Model? | Reduce the severity & duration of a mental/physical disorder by targeting people who already have a diagnosis |
| What do Universal preventions target in Gordon's Model? | They target entire populations or groups that are not restricted to individuals who are at risk for a disorder |
| What do selective preventions target in Gordon's model? | They are aimed at individuals who have been identified as being at ⬆ risk for a disorder due to their biological, psychological or social characteristics |
| What do indicated preventions target in Gordon's model? | They are for individuals who are known to be high-risk because they have early or minimal signs of a disorder |
| What does client-centered case consultation entail in Caplan's Mental Health Consultation model? | A focus on a specific client of a consultee (therapist or program administrator) who is having difficulty providing client with effective services. The goal of the consultant is to provide the consultee with a plan to benefit the client. |
| What does consultee-centered case consultation entail in Caplan's Mental Health Consultation model? | A focus on the consultee with the goal of improving their ability to work effectively with current and future clients who are similar in some way to improve the consultees knowledge, skills, confidence and/or objectivity. |
| What did Caplan propose as contributors to a consultee's lack of objectivity? | Theme interference: occurs when a consultee's biases and unfounded beliefs interfere with the ability to be objective when working with certain types of clients |
| What does program-centered administrative consultation entail in Caplan's Mental Health Consultation model? | Working with program administrators to help clarify/resolve problems with an existing mental health program. The consultant's goal is to provide administrators with recommendations for dealing with problems in developing, administering and/or evaluating |
| What does consultee-centered administrative consultation entail in Caplan's Mental Health Consultation model? | Improving the professional functioning of program administrators so they can better develop, administer & evaluate mental health programs in the future. |
| What are the three primary functions of interprofessional collaboration? | Improvement of patient care, improvement of health outcomes for patients, decreased healthcare costs |
| What does research suggest regarding the efficacy of interprofessional collaboration? | Inconsistent result: most studies confirm positive effects on clinical outcomes, process of care and patient satisfaction, but research has mixed results on quality of life, physical, emotional and social functioning & health behaviors/practices |
| ____________ ______________ _____________ are also known as clinical trials and maximize internal validity. | Efficacy research studies |
| What is internal validity? | Ability to draw conclusions about the cause-effect relationship between therapy & outcomes |
| What type of study maximizes external validity by providing therapy in naturalistic clinical settings? | Effectiveness research studies |
| What is external validity? | The ability to generalize conclusions drawn from the study to other people and conditions |
| What did Eysenck propose about the effectiveness of therapy? | He proposed that that psychotherapy is ineffective and may actually have detrimental effects |
| What does the dose model propose? | A predictable relationship between number of therapy sessions and the probability of measurable improvement in symptoms. ↪ 50% see improvement by 6-8 sessions; 75% by 26 sessions; 85% by 52 sessions |
| What does the phase model propose regarding therapy outcomes? | Outcomes can be described in three phases: Remoralization: first few sessions = ⬆ in hope Remediation: next 16 sessions; ⬇ in sx's Rehabilitation: unlearning bad habits, build new ways of coping |
| What is an implication of the phase model? | Different outcome measures should be used during different phases of therapy |
| What is cost-benefit analysis (CBT) used for? | To compare the costs and benefits of one or multiple interventions, expressed in monetary terms |
| What is cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) used for? | Used to compare the costs & benefits of two or more interventions when the benefits cannot be expressed in monetary terms. |
| What is cost-utility analysis (CUA) used for? | To compare the costs of two or more interventions on quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), which combines measures of gain in the health related quality and quantity of life. |
| What did one study using CUA to compare the costs/benefits in terms of QALYs of three treatments for depression? | Cognitive therapy, REBT & fluoxetine were compared. ↪ Results showed that CT and REBT both had great cost-utility than fluoxetine but did not differ significantly |
| What does WEIRD acronym refer to? | Western, educated, individualistic, rish and democratic cultures |
| What four components does routine outcome monitoring include? | 1) Routinely administered symptom, outcome or process measure, ideally before each clinical encounter 2) Practitioner review of data 3) Patient review of data 4) Collaborative evaluation of treatment plan informed by the data |
| What do therapists report as barriers to implementing ROM? | ➺ Belief that info from ROM is not more accurate than clinical judgment ➺ Lack of training in using ROM ➺ Unease about effects on therapeutic relationship ➺ Concerns about time needed to do it ➺ Concerns about results being used by employers/insurance |
| What do clients report as barriers to using ROM? | ➺Concerns about confidentiality ➺Time needed to complete the measures |
| What does research show in terms of effectiveness of transdiagnostic treatments? | They are equivalent or superior to comparison treatments. In one study, transdiagnostic treatments were as effective as diagnosis-specific treatments for anxiety & more effective for depression. |
| What are some examples of transdiagnostic treatments? | ➺ Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy-Enhanced (CBT-E) ➺Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders ➺Emotion-Focused Therapy - Transdiagnostic (EFT-T) ➺ Acceptance & Commitment Therapy |
| What does Emotion-Focused Therapy - Transdiagnostic (EFT-T) target? | Loneliness/sadness, shame & fear/terror that underlie depression, anxiety and related disorders |
| What does Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy-Enhanced (CBT-E) target? | Eating disorders and the core pathology of overvaluation of body shape & weight |
| What does Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders target? | The core characteristic of neuroticism that underlies anxiety, depression & related disorders |
| What are the two fundamental features of stepped care? | ➺ Recommended treatment should be the least restrictive of those available but likely to provide significant health gain ➺Self-correcting, which involves systematic monitoring of treatment results |
| What are the primary goals of stepped care? | Increase efficiency of health care services & accessibility of effective treatments through better allocation of scarce mental health resources |
| What is a commonly cited model of stepped care for depression? | Step 1: Assessment & Monitoring Step 2: Interventions requiring minimal practitioner involvement Step 3: Interventions requiring more intensive care and specialized training Step 4: Most restrictive & intensive forms of care |
| ___________ ______________ refers to the degree to which a treatment is delivered as intended and is affected by therapist adherence to treatment protocol and competence in delivering the treatment. | Treatment fidelity |
| What does the biomedical model of disability propose/focus on? | Proposes that disabilities are medical conditions that deviate from the norm and are intrinsic to a person. Interventions focus on treatments that will manage, alter or cure the medical condition causing the disability |
| What does the social model of disability propose/focus on? | Views disability as a difference, not an abnormality/deficiency and interventions focus on making societal and environmental changes that reduce barriers for people with disabilities. |
| What does the functional model of disability propose/focus on? | Views disability as the cause of a person's inability to perform a functional role at work or elsewhere. It focuses on identifying accommodations, modifications or assistive tech to help improve functioning |
| What does the forensive model of disability propose/focus on? | Focuses on legal concepts and requires objective proof of impairment and disability and distinguishing between honest and dishonest people in order to identify the appropriate interventions or consequences. |
| What has research found on the effects of in-person treatments vs. telepsychology for bulimia? | CBT for BN delivered in-person vs. telepsych had similar attrition rates & beneficial effects, but in-person had much higher reductions in eating disordered cognitions and depression |
| What are some explanations for the difference in effectiveness of telepsych & in-person for bulimia | Regular in-session weight measurement is an important component of CBT for eating disorders but may be omitted when delivered via video due to difficulties moving camera/other logistical problems |
| _____________ is a boundary disturbance that occurs when people adopt values of other people without evaluation or awareness | Introjection |
| _____________ is a boundary disturbance that occurs when people attribute undesirable aspects of self to other people | Projection |
| _____________ is a boundary disturbance that occurs when people do to themselves what they'd like to do to other people | Retroflection |
| _____________ is a boundary disturbance that occurs when people avoid contact with the environment | Deflection |
| ____________ is a boundary disturbance that occurs when people blur the distinction between themselves and others | Confluence |
| What does general systems theory propose of how families function? | ➺ Family = system of interacting components, change in one member causes changes in others ➺All family systems are open (interact with the environment) vs. closed ➺Families have homeostatic mechanisms to maintain equilibrium ∴ they tend to resist change |
| What does cybernetic theory propose about how families function? | ➺Family systems receive info via negative & positive feedback loops ➺Negative loops resist change and maintain status quo (deviation minimization) ➺ Positive loops amplify change and disrupt status quo (deviation amplification) |
| What do constructivist or social constructivist perspectives propose about how families function? | They assume that there are multiple viewpoints and realities and view each person's reality as being cognitive or socially constructed. |
| What is the consequence of family members who have low levels of differentiation? | They become emotionally fused with other members |
| What is the consequences of overly rigid and over diffuse boundaries in a family according to structural family therapy? | ➺Overly rigid boundaries lead to disengagement ➺Overly diffuse boundaries lead to enmeshment |
| What is clean versus dirty pain and what therapeutic approach uses these concepts? | Clean pain: natural levels of physical and psychological discomfort that are inevitable and uncontrollable Dirty pain: the emotional suffering caused by attempts to control or resist clean pain ACT |
| Howard's analysis discovered that _______ of clients experience improvement of symptoms after 6 months of treatment? | 75% |
| Selective mutism is most accurately defined as: | An anxiety disorder and may be treated with guided imagery |
| What medication might be prescribed for selective mutism? | SSRIs for their anti-anxiety effects |
Created by:
JSalisbury