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Terms from Schizophrenia - AQA

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Term
Definition
Schizophrenia   show
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show Experiences or symptoms that are in addition to usual functioning, such as hallucinations or delusions  
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Negative Symptoms   show
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show Positive symptom of SZ - sensory experiences of stimuli that do not exist, such as hearing voices or seeing things in a distorted way  
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Delusions   show
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Avolition   show
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Speech poverty   show
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Subtypes of schizophrenia   show
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show System of classification mostly used in the USA. It requires at least one positive symptom for a diagnosis of SZ  
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show System of classification used worldwide, outside of the USA. Recognises subtypes of SZ and does not require any positive symptoms  
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show The extent to which different clinicians would agree on diagnosis (inter-rater) or the same clinician would be consistent in their diagnosis of the same patient (test-retest)  
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Validity of diagnosis   show
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Co-morbidity   show
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Symptom overlap   show
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Culture bias in SZ diagnosis   show
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show The presence of discrimination between sexes in diagnosis, such as the finding that males are significantly more likely to be diagnosed than females (perhaps due to how they present symptoms differently)  
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show The theory that schizophrenia may be due to the influence of specific genes, or a combination of candidate genes  
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Candidate genes of SZ   show
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Neural correlates of SZ   show
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show Schizophrenia is more commonly shared in biologically related relatives with the closer the genetic relatedness the greater the risk (e.g. Gottesman)  
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Twin studies of SZ   show
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Adoption studies of SZ   show
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Dopamine hypothesis   show
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Revised dopamine hypothesis study   show
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show Tablets (or sometimes treatment in the form of syrup) given to treat disorders such as SZ  
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show Drugs given that bind to dopamine receptors in order to reduce SZ symptoms. Examples include Chlorpromazine  
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show An incurable disorder of motor control, especially involving muscles of the face and head, resulting from long-term use of antipsychotic drugs (especially typical)  
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Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs   show
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Antagonist   show
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Placebo   show
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show A criticism of drug treatments of SZ, which claims that they are used to sedate patients for the benefit of staff rather than the patient themselves  
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Family dysfunction   show
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Schizophrenogenic Mother   show
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show Bateson's explanation for SZ, where children receive mixed messages and inconsistent guidance, so always fear that they are in danger of doing or saying the wrong thing  
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Expressed emotion   show
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Cognitive explanations of SZ   show
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Dysfunctional thought processing   show
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show The cognitive ability to reflect on thoughts and behaviour. Dysfunction here could lead to interpreting an inner monologue as a hallucination  
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show The cognitive ability to suppress automatic responses. Dysfunction here could lead to speech poverty and disorganised speech, as they cannot avoid triggering associations  
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show A psychological treatment for SZ which involves challenging the patient's irrational thoughts and beliefs, and assigning them homework tasks to alter their behaviour  
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Family therapy for SZ   show
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Token economies for SZ   show
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show A reward with no intrinsic value, but which can be exchanged for a primary reinforcer. The tokens used in token economies are an example of this.  
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show A way of explaining and treating SZ that takes nature and nurture into account, considering biological and psychological factors  
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Diathesis-stress model of SZ   show
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Created by: SBlakeley
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