Terms from Schizophrenia - AQA
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Schizophrenia | show 🗑
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show | Experiences or symptoms that are in addition to usual functioning, such as hallucinations or delusions
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Negative Symptoms | show 🗑
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show | Positive symptom of SZ - sensory experiences of stimuli that do not exist, such as hearing voices or seeing things in a distorted way
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Delusions | show 🗑
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Avolition | show 🗑
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Speech poverty | show 🗑
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Subtypes of schizophrenia | show 🗑
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show | System of classification mostly used in the USA. It requires at least one positive symptom for a diagnosis of SZ
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show | System of classification used worldwide, outside of the USA. Recognises subtypes of SZ and does not require any positive symptoms
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show | The extent to which different clinicians would agree on diagnosis (inter-rater) or the same clinician would be consistent in their diagnosis of the same patient (test-retest)
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Validity of diagnosis | show 🗑
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Co-morbidity | show 🗑
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Symptom overlap | show 🗑
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Culture bias in SZ diagnosis | show 🗑
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show | The presence of discrimination between sexes in diagnosis, such as the finding that males are significantly more likely to be diagnosed than females (perhaps due to how they present symptoms differently)
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show | The theory that schizophrenia may be due to the influence of specific genes, or a combination of candidate genes
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Candidate genes of SZ | show 🗑
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Neural correlates of SZ | show 🗑
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show | Schizophrenia is more commonly shared in biologically related relatives with the closer the genetic relatedness the greater the risk (e.g. Gottesman)
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Twin studies of SZ | show 🗑
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Adoption studies of SZ | show 🗑
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Dopamine hypothesis | show 🗑
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Revised dopamine hypothesis study | show 🗑
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show | Tablets (or sometimes treatment in the form of syrup) given to treat disorders such as SZ
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show | Drugs given that bind to dopamine receptors in order to reduce SZ symptoms. Examples include Chlorpromazine
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show | An incurable disorder of motor control, especially involving muscles of the face and head, resulting from long-term use of antipsychotic drugs (especially typical)
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Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs | show 🗑
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Antagonist | show 🗑
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Placebo | show 🗑
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show | A criticism of drug treatments of SZ, which claims that they are used to sedate patients for the benefit of staff rather than the patient themselves
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Family dysfunction | show 🗑
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Schizophrenogenic Mother | show 🗑
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show | Bateson's explanation for SZ, where children receive mixed messages and inconsistent guidance, so always fear that they are in danger of doing or saying the wrong thing
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Expressed emotion | show 🗑
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Cognitive explanations of SZ | show 🗑
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Dysfunctional thought processing | show 🗑
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show | The cognitive ability to reflect on thoughts and behaviour. Dysfunction here could lead to interpreting an inner monologue as a hallucination
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show | The cognitive ability to suppress automatic responses. Dysfunction here could lead to speech poverty and disorganised speech, as they cannot avoid triggering associations
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show | A psychological treatment for SZ which involves challenging the patient's irrational thoughts and beliefs, and assigning them homework tasks to alter their behaviour
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Family therapy for SZ | show 🗑
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Token economies for SZ | show 🗑
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show | A reward with no intrinsic value, but which can be exchanged for a primary reinforcer. The tokens used in token economies are an example of this.
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show | A way of explaining and treating SZ that takes nature and nurture into account, considering biological and psychological factors
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Diathesis-stress model of SZ | show 🗑
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