phar 516_mc
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| MSSA | Staphylococcus Aureus Catalase +. Coagulase + Gram Positive Clusters, Cocci | show | Resistant & virulent -penicillinase inhibiting the use of Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Pencillin -MRSA will carry mecA gene causing it to change the express on of its PBP into PBP2, causing all beta lactams to not work except ceftaroline | skin | n/a
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| CA-MRSA | Staphylococcus Aureus Catalase +. Coagulase + Gram Positive Clusters, Cocci | Vancomycin, Dalbavancin, Daptomycin Linezolid, Tedizolid Ceftaroline Bactrim CA- Doxycycline. Clindamycin. Minocycline | show | skin | Skin infections, can cause an abscess, purulent cellulits Exotoxin is preCan
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| HA-MRSA | Staphylococcus Aureus Catalase +. Coagulase + Gram Positive Clusters, Cocci | show | Resistant & virulent -penicillinase inhibiting the use of Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Pencillin -MRSA will carry mecA gene causing it to change the express on of its PBP into PBP2, causing all beta lactams to not work except ceftaroline | skin | infect any anatomical surface, no Exotoxin, generally more Resistant than CAsent
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| MSSE | Staphylococcus Epidermidis Catalase+, Coagulase – Gram +. Cocci, cluster | Oxacillin Nafcillin Dicloxacillin | Resistant- will produce penicillinase (never use amoxicillin, ampicillin or penicillin) MRSE- will carry the mecA gene | skin | show 🗑
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| MrSE | Staphylococcus Epidermidis Catalase+, Coagulase – Gram +. Cocci, cluster | show | Resistant- will produce penicillinase (never use amoxicillin, ampicillin or penicillin) MRSE- will carry the mecA gene | skin | Generally, not as infective as S. Aureus, however will cause infections in immunocompromised PT, or those with prosthetics can form biofilms
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| Alpha hemolysis- partial RBC breakdown. Green | Streptococcus Pneumoniae Gram + Cocci, pairs/chains | show | Virulent can spread fast, not really resistant, however it is encapsuled by a polysaccharide capsule, most resistant species in the streptococcus family | upper respiratory track | -Bacterial Mengitiis
-Community acquired pneumonia
-Otitis Media
-Sinusitis
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| Alpha hemolysis- green color | Streptococcus viridans Gram +. Cocci, pairs/chains | Penicillin (DOC) | n/a | upper respiratory track | show 🗑
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| Beta hemolytic, group A | Streptococcus Pyrogens Cocci, Gram +. Chains/pairs | show | Virulent- Jock, some strains will produce toxins which causes tissue necrosis | upper respiratory track, and skin | -Strep throat
-Skin and skin structure infections
-FLESH EATTING SKIN BACTERIA
(Necrotizing fasciitis
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| Beta hemolytic group B | show | Only treat during labor | n/a | intestinal track, and the vagina | -Neonatal sepsis
-Neonatal meningitis
-neonatal pneumonia
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| Gamma or alpha hemolytic Group D | Enterococcus Faecalis Gram +, cocci, pairs/chains | Treat with ampicillin if resistant treat with vancomycin if resistant treat with linezolid or Daptomycin | Generally, not VRE | GI tract | show 🗑
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| Gamma or Alpha hemolytic group D | Enterococcus Faecium Gram +, cocci, pairs/chains | Treat with ampicillin if resistant treat with vancomycin if resistant treat with linezolid or Daptomycin | Can have VRE 85% of the time, so usually linezolid or daptomycin | show | Nosocomial UTI
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| Listeria | Gram +, Bacillus | Patients at risk are newborns, pregnant women, elderly, and immunocompromised | n/a | show | can cause gastroenteritis from eating contaminated food, leading to meningitis
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| Clostridium Spp Anaerobic | Gram +, bacillus | n/a | n/a | show | n/a
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| show | Gram +, bacillus | n/a | n/a | n/a | Used for biowarfare
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| B. Serious | Gram +, bacillus | n/a | n/a | n/a | show 🗑
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| Escheria coli (E coli) Gram (-) Bacilli Rod | Enterobacteralies family Lactose fermenters | -Carbapenems with beta lactamase inhibitors | show | GI track most common Aerobic gram (-) | UTI
-Food born illness
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| Klebsiella Gram (-) bacilli rod | show | Carbapenems with beta lactamase inhibitors | Potential carrier of Extended spectrum beta lactam resistant to penicillin, cephalosporins/ monobactam) - Resistance to all beta-lactams except the new beta lactam+ extended spectrum beta lactamase inhalators -May produce carbapenems (CRE | GI tract | UTI
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| Protues Gram (-) Bacilli rod | show | n/a | Intrinsic resistance to polymyxins | GI tract | UTI
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| Enterobacter Serratia Citrobacter Providencia Morganella | Enterobacterales family, ferments lactose | n/a | n/a | n/a | show 🗑
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| Shigella | show | n/a | n/a | Not normal flora | Gastroenteritis
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| Salmonella | Enterobacteralis family | n/a | n/a | Not normal flora | show 🗑
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| show | Potential producers of AMP-C beta lactamases, making them resistant to all the beta lactamase except for cefepime and carbapenems, De-escalation below cefepime is not recommended, more common in healthcare associated infections | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a
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| show | Gram (-) Pseudomonads/ non lactose fermenters | Pencilin- Piperacilin/Tazobacm Cephalosporin- Ceftazidim, Ceftolozone/avibactam, Cefepime, Cefiderocol Carbapenems- Meropenem, Imipenem, Doripenem Monobactam- Aztreonam Add on therapy | Virulent and resistant, considered the worst of all the pseudomonads family | Not normal flora found in soil and water | Common cause of nosocomial infections, Pneumonia (HAP/VAP)
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| Acinetobacter Rod (bacillus) | Gram (-) Pseudomonads/ non lactose fermenters | Colistin | Resistant often resistant to all antibiotics | show | Common infections in immunosuppressed, pneumonia, wounds
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| Brukholderia Rod | Gram (-) Pseudomonads/ non lactose fermenters | Similar to Pseudomonas | Nerds resistant | show 🗑
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| Stenotrophomonas Rod | Gram (-) Pseudomonads/ non lactose fermenters | Bactrim-DOC | show | Nosocomial infections respiratory
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| Gram negative rod empiric treatment for the critically ill ICU PT | Gram (-) Pseudomonads/ non lactose fermenters | 1st line + anti pseudomonal beta lactam De-scalation when subspecialties are known • 1st line narrow spectrum beta lactam, 2nd line- Non beta lactams | show |
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| Neisseria meningitidis Diplococci (paired cocci) | Respiratory Gram Negatives and Gram-Negative Cocci | show | Virulent- contagious meningitis through respiratory droplets. Encapsulated | Meningitis
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| Neisseria gonorrhoeae Diplococci | Respiratory Gram Negatives and Gram-Negative Cocci | show | Gonorrhea
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| Moraxella S.PP Diplococci | show | Upper respiratory tract infections
-Community acquired pneumonia
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| Haemophilus influenzae Cocco-bacilli | Respiratory Gram Negatives and Gram-Negative Cocci | Type B encapsuled + virulent | show | -URTI
-CAP
-meningitis
-Sepsis in unvaccinated children
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| Bordatella Pertussis Cocco-bacilli | show | Whooping cough
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| show | Atypical Bacteria | -Fluroquinolones Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Delafloxacin -Macrolides Azithromycin, Clarithromycin -Tetracyclines Doxycycline, Minocycline | They do not grow on normal media or do not stain by gram stain | Community acquired pneumonia (CAP
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| show | Atypical Bacteria | -Fluroquinolones Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Delafloxacin -Macrolides Azithromycin, Clarithromycin -Tetracyclines Doxycycline, Minocycline | They do not grow on normal media or do not stain by gram stain | Community acquired pneumonia (CAP
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| Legionella Pneumophila | Atypical Bacteria | show | They do not grow on normal media or do not stain by gram stain | Community acquired pneumonia (CAP
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| Clostridium S.PP Gram positive bacilli, spore forming, toxin producing | Gram + anaerobes | show |
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| C. Botulinum Botulism and botox | Gram + anaerobes | show | correlated to home canned food and honey
Neurotoxin produces paralysis
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| C.Tetani- Tetanus | Gram + anaerobes | show | -Associated with puncture wounds
-Toxin leads to muscle spasms and hyperreflexia
-Muscles are chronically
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| C. perfringens -Gas gangrene | Gram + anaerobes | show 🗑
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| Clostriodies Difficile (C.Diff) | Gram + anaerobes | -Antibiotic use biggest risk factors -Clindamycin> Fluroquinoles > 3rd/4th gen cephalosporins -Oral vancomycin (Not IV) -Fidaxomicin -Fecal transplant -Rebyota Bezlotoxumab- monoclonal antibody against the toxin, | show | -Active C. Difficile toxin cause intestinal tissue destruction- Leading to diarrhea
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| Bacteroides Fragilis | Gram Negative Anaerobes | show | Most common bacteria in the GI track | -Intra abdominal
-Genital infections
-Wounds
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| show | Gram Negative Anaerobes | Polymicrobial | oral cavity | Oral infections
-trench mouth
-Periodontitis
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kero_d