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Created by: kero_d

Subcategory	Species	Antibiotic of choice	R/V	Normal flora	Infection
MSSA	Staphylococcus Aureus Catalase +. Coagulase + Gram Positive Clusters, Cocci	Oxacillin Nafcillin Dicloxacillin	Resistant & virulent -penicillinase inhibiting the use of Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Pencillin -MRSA will carry mecA gene causing it to change the express on of its PBP into PBP2, causing all beta lactams to not work except ceftaroline	skin	n/a
CA-MRSA	Staphylococcus Aureus Catalase +. Coagulase + Gram Positive Clusters, Cocci	Vancomycin, Dalbavancin, Daptomycin Linezolid, Tedizolid Ceftaroline Bactrim CA- Doxycycline. Clindamycin. Minocycline	Resistant & virulent -penicillinase inhibiting the use of Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Pencillin -MRSA will carry mecA gene causing it to change the express on of its PBP into PBP2, causing all beta lactams to not work except ceftaroline	skin	Skin infections, can cause an abscess, purulent cellulits Exotoxin is preCan
HA-MRSA	Staphylococcus Aureus Catalase +. Coagulase + Gram Positive Clusters, Cocci	Vancomycin, Dalbavancin, Daptomycin Linezolid, Tedizolid Ceftaroline Bactrim CA- Doxycycline. Clindamycin. Minocycline	Resistant & virulent -penicillinase inhibiting the use of Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Pencillin -MRSA will carry mecA gene causing it to change the express on of its PBP into PBP2, causing all beta lactams to not work except ceftaroline	skin	infect any anatomical surface, no Exotoxin, generally more Resistant than CAsent
MSSE	Staphylococcus Epidermidis Catalase+, Coagulase – Gram +. Cocci, cluster	Oxacillin Nafcillin Dicloxacillin	Resistant- will produce penicillinase (never use amoxicillin, ampicillin or penicillin) MRSE- will carry the mecA gene	skin	Generally, not as infective as S. Aureus, however will cause infections in immunocompromised PT, or those with prosthetics can form biofilms
MrSE	Staphylococcus Epidermidis Catalase+, Coagulase – Gram +. Cocci, cluster	Vancomycin, Telbavancin Daptomycin Linezolid, Tedizolid Ceftaroline Bactrim	Resistant- will produce penicillinase (never use amoxicillin, ampicillin or penicillin) MRSE- will carry the mecA gene	skin	Generally, not as infective as S. Aureus, however will cause infections in immunocompromised PT, or those with prosthetics can form biofilms
Alpha hemolysis- partial RBC breakdown. Green	Streptococcus Pneumoniae Gram + Cocci, pairs/chains	-Ceftriaxone (empirically) -Vaccine available	Virulent can spread fast, not really resistant, however it is encapsuled by a polysaccharide capsule, most resistant species in the streptococcus family	upper respiratory track	-Bacterial Mengitiis -Community acquired pneumonia -Otitis Media -Sinusitis
Alpha hemolysis- green color	Streptococcus viridans Gram +. Cocci, pairs/chains	Penicillin (DOC)	n/a	upper respiratory track	Dental infections
Beta hemolytic, group A	Streptococcus Pyrogens Cocci, Gram +. Chains/pairs	-Penicillin (DOC) PANDAS- pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections	Virulent- Jock, some strains will produce toxins which causes tissue necrosis	upper respiratory track, and skin	-Strep throat -Skin and skin structure infections -FLESH EATTING SKIN BACTERIA (Necrotizing fasciitis
Beta hemolytic group B	Streptococcus Agalactiae Cocci, Gram +. Chains/pairs	Only treat during labor	n/a	intestinal track, and the vagina	-Neonatal sepsis -Neonatal meningitis -neonatal pneumonia
Gamma or alpha hemolytic Group D	Enterococcus Faecalis Gram +, cocci, pairs/chains	Treat with ampicillin if resistant treat with vancomycin if resistant treat with linezolid or Daptomycin	Generally, not VRE	GI tract	Nosocomial UTI
Gamma or Alpha hemolytic group D	Enterococcus Faecium Gram +, cocci, pairs/chains	Treat with ampicillin if resistant treat with vancomycin if resistant treat with linezolid or Daptomycin	Can have VRE 85% of the time, so usually linezolid or daptomycin	GI tract	Nosocomial UTI
Listeria	Gram +, Bacillus	Patients at risk are newborns, pregnant women, elderly, and immunocompromised	n/a	Not normal flora	can cause gastroenteritis from eating contaminated food, leading to meningitis
Clostridium Spp Anaerobic	Gram +, bacillus	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
B. Antracis-antrax	Gram +, bacillus	n/a	n/a	n/a	Used for biowarfare
B. Serious	Gram +, bacillus	n/a	n/a	n/a	Fried rice syndrome Can lead to diarrhea and vomiting
Escheria coli (E coli) Gram (-) Bacilli Rod	Enterobacteralies family Lactose fermenters	-Carbapenems with beta lactamase inhibitors	Potential carrier of Extended spectrum beta lactam resistant to penicillin, cephalosporins/ monobactam) - Resistance to all beta-lactams except the new beta lactam+ extended spectrum beta lactamase inhalators -May produce carbapenems (CRE)	GI track most common Aerobic gram (-)	UTI -Food born illness
Klebsiella Gram (-) bacilli rod	Enterobacteralies family Lactose fermenters	Carbapenems with beta lactamase inhibitors	Potential carrier of Extended spectrum beta lactam resistant to penicillin, cephalosporins/ monobactam) - Resistance to all beta-lactams except the new beta lactam+ extended spectrum beta lactamase inhalators -May produce carbapenems (CRE	GI tract	UTI
Protues Gram (-) Bacilli rod	Enterobacteralies family Lactose fermenters	n/a	Intrinsic resistance to polymyxins	GI tract	UTI
Enterobacter Serratia Citrobacter Providencia Morganella	Enterobacterales family, ferments lactose	n/a	n/a	n/a	More common in health care associated infections
Shigella	Enterobacteralis family	n/a	n/a	Not normal flora	Gastroenteritis
Salmonella	Enterobacteralis family	n/a	n/a	Not normal flora	Gastroenteritis -Typhoid fever
-Enterobacter cloacae -Klebsiella aerogenes Citrobacter Freundii	Potential producers of AMP-C beta lactamases, making them resistant to all the beta lactamase except for cefepime and carbapenems, De-escalation below cefepime is not recommended, more common in healthcare associated infections	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
Pseudomonas Rod (bacillus)	Gram (-) Pseudomonads/ non lactose fermenters	Pencilin- Piperacilin/Tazobacm Cephalosporin- Ceftazidim, Ceftolozone/avibactam, Cefepime, Cefiderocol Carbapenems- Meropenem, Imipenem, Doripenem Monobactam- Aztreonam Add on therapy	Virulent and resistant, considered the worst of all the pseudomonads family	Not normal flora found in soil and water	Common cause of nosocomial infections, Pneumonia (HAP/VAP)
Acinetobacter Rod (bacillus)	Gram (-) Pseudomonads/ non lactose fermenters	Colistin	Resistant often resistant to all antibiotics	Not normal flora found in soil and water	Common infections in immunosuppressed, pneumonia, wounds
Brukholderia Rod	Gram (-) Pseudomonads/ non lactose fermenters	Similar to Pseudomonas	Nerds resistant		Nosocomial infections respiratory
Stenotrophomonas Rod	Gram (-) Pseudomonads/ non lactose fermenters	Bactrim-DOC	Nerds resistant		Nosocomial infections respiratory
Gram negative rod empiric treatment for the critically ill ICU PT	Gram (-) Pseudomonads/ non lactose fermenters	1st line + anti pseudomonal beta lactam De-scalation when subspecialties are known • 1st line narrow spectrum beta lactam, 2nd line- Non beta lactams
Neisseria meningitidis Diplococci (paired cocci)	Respiratory Gram Negatives and Gram-Negative Cocci		Virulent- contagious meningitis through respiratory droplets. Encapsulated		Meningitis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Diplococci	Respiratory Gram Negatives and Gram-Negative Cocci		Virulent- Through direct mucosal contact Encapsulated		Gonorrhea
Moraxella S.PP Diplococci	Respiratory Gram Negatives and Gram-Negative Cocci				Upper respiratory tract infections -Community acquired pneumonia
Haemophilus influenzae Cocco-bacilli	Respiratory Gram Negatives and Gram-Negative Cocci		Type B encapsuled + virulent		-URTI -CAP -meningitis -Sepsis in unvaccinated children
Bordatella Pertussis Cocco-bacilli	Respiratory Gram Negatives and Gram-Negative Cocci				Whooping cough
Chlamydia Pneumoniae	Atypical Bacteria	-Fluroquinolones Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Delafloxacin -Macrolides Azithromycin, Clarithromycin -Tetracyclines Doxycycline, Minocycline		They do not grow on normal media or do not stain by gram stain	Community acquired pneumonia (CAP
Mycoplasma Pneumonia	Atypical Bacteria	-Fluroquinolones Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Delafloxacin -Macrolides Azithromycin, Clarithromycin -Tetracyclines Doxycycline, Minocycline		They do not grow on normal media or do not stain by gram stain	Community acquired pneumonia (CAP
Legionella Pneumophila	Atypical Bacteria	-Fluroquinolones Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Delafloxacin -Macrolides Azithromycin, Clarithromycin -Tetracyclines Doxycycline, Minocycline		They do not grow on normal media or do not stain by gram stain	Community acquired pneumonia (CAP
Clostridium S.PP Gram positive bacilli, spore forming, toxin producing	Gram + anaerobes		virulent
C. Botulinum Botulism and botox	Gram + anaerobes	Antitoxin available through CDC			correlated to home canned food and honey Neurotoxin produces paralysis
C.Tetani- Tetanus	Gram + anaerobes				-Associated with puncture wounds -Toxin leads to muscle spasms and hyperreflexia -Muscles are chronically
C. perfringens -Gas gangrene	Gram + anaerobes				-Toxin cause tissue necrosis -Surgery necessary to stop rapid progression
Clostriodies Difficile (C.Diff)	Gram + anaerobes	-Antibiotic use biggest risk factors -Clindamycin> Fluroquinoles > 3rd/4th gen cephalosporins -Oral vancomycin (Not IV) -Fidaxomicin -Fecal transplant -Rebyota Bezlotoxumab- monoclonal antibody against the toxin,			-Active C. Difficile toxin cause intestinal tissue destruction- Leading to diarrhea
Bacteroides Fragilis	Gram Negative Anaerobes	-produces Penicillinase -worst case scenario -almost always polymicrobial Treatments -Metronidazole -Penicillin+ Beta lactamase inhibitors Cefoxitin/Cefotetan (TAN/FOX -Carbapenems+ beta lactamase inhibitor Tigecycline (Rarely used)		Most common bacteria in the GI track	-Intra abdominal -Genital infections -Wounds
Prevotella s.PP	Gram Negative Anaerobes		Polymicrobial	oral cavity	Oral infections -trench mouth -Periodontitis