Unit 7
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| emotion | a response of the whole organism, involving
1. physiological arousal
2. expressive behavior
3. conscious experience
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| James-Lange theory | the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to an emotion- arousing stimulus:
1st body then
2nd emotion
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| Cannon-Bard theory | the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers
1. physiological responses
2. the subjective experience of emotion.
body and emotion happen at the same time
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| two-factor theory/ Schachter-Singer | theory that to experience emotion one must
1.be physically aroused
2. cognitively label the arousal
1st body and cognition then 2nd emotion
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| Lazarus theory | thought must come before any emotion or physiological arousal
1st cognition
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| Zajonc LeDoux Theory | cognitive arousal sometimes occurs without our awareness and defines our emotion
-cognition happens automatically
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| polygraph | a machine used in attempts to detect lies that measure several of the physiological responses (such as perspiration, heart rate, and breathing changes) accompanying emotion
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| facial feedback theory | the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness
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| behavior feedback effect | the tendency of behavior to influence our own and other's thoughts, feelings and actions
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| stress | the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging
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| General Adaptation syndrome (GAS) | Selye's concept of the body's adaptive response to stress in three phases alarm, resistance, exhaustion
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| tend-and-befriend response | under stress, people (espically women) often provide support to others (tend) and bond with and seek support from others (befriend)
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| health psychology | a subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contributions to behavioral medicine
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| psychoneuroimmunology | the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health
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| coronary heart disease | the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle, the leading cause of death in many developing countries
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| type A | Friedman and Roseman's term for competitive hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive and anger-prone people
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| type B | Friedman and Roseman's term for easygoing, relaxed people
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| catharsis | in psychology, the idea that "releasing" aggressive energy (through actions/fantasy) relieves aggressive urges
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| aerobic exercise | sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness, also helps alleviate depression and anxiety
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| mindfulness meditation | a reflective practice in which people attend to current experiences in a non-judgmental and accepting manner
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| feel-good, do-good phenomenon | peoples tendency to be helpful when in a good mood
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| positive psychology | the scientific study of human flourishing with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive
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| subjective well-being | self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. used along with measures of objective well-being to evaluate people's quality of life
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| adaptation-level phenomenon | our tendency to form judgments (of sounds, of lights, of income) related to a neural level defined by our prior experience
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| relative deprivation | the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself
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| William James | Worked with Lange to create the James-Lange theory of emotion
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| Walter Cannon | Worked with Philip Bard to create the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion, also known as the Thalamic theory of emotion, is a physiological explanation of emotion
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| Stanley Schachter | was an American social psychologist best known for his development of the two factor theory of emotion in 1962 along with Jerome E. Singer.
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| Robert Zajonc | worked with LeDoux conducted research in the areas of social facilitation, and theories of emotion, such as the affective neuroscience hypothesis. created a theory that cognition occurs automatically and aside from emotion
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| Joseph LeDoux | worked with Zajonc concluded that emotions are "higher-order states" embedded in cortical circuits. cognition happens automatically
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| Richard Lazarus | Behavioral psychologists focused on reward and punishment as the causes of behavior and largely ignored the role of emotions. developed a theory of emotion called cognitive appraisal theory.
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| Paul Ekman | discovered that some facial expressions of emotion are universal while many of the apparent differences in facial expressions across cultures were due to context
facial feedback theory
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| Kurt Lewin | suggests that the origin of behavior stems from underlying needs and forces
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| Hans Selye | was the first scientist to identify 'stress' as underpinning the nonspecific signs and symptoms of illness created (GAS)
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| Martin Seligman | positive psychology researched learned helplessness and positive emotions
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| Approach-approach | Lewin’s Motivational Conflict Theory that a choice between two different alternatives that we like, but we can only pick one
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| Avoidance-avoidance | Lewin’s Motivational Conflict Theory that we have to pick one choice or the other alternative, but dislike both.
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| Approach-avoidance | Lewin’s Motivational Conflict Theory that a choice of whether to do something when it has both positive and negative qualities.
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| Double approach-avoidance | Lewin’s Motivational Conflict Theory that we must choose between two things that each have both positive and negative qualities
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| stressor | the stimulus or challenge causing stress
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| stress reaction | physical and emotional response to stressor
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