Terms and meanings
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| How old is the Earth? | 4.6 billion years old
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| Catastrophism | theory that Earth's surface has been largely shaped by sudden, violent events
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| Examples of catastrophic events | massive floods, super volcanoes, mega earthquakes
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| mass extinction | when many species die out in a short period of time
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| Uniformitarianism | theory that slow forces shaped Earth's surface over a LONG period of time
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| Examples of uniformitarianism | wind and water erosion, glaciation, deposition of mud, lava cooling to rock
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| James Hutton | Scientist who made uniformitarianism popular
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| Geologic Time Scale | Earth's history divided by major events and changes on Earth
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| Trace Fossil | A fossilized mark that is formed in soft sediment by the movement of an animal.
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| fossil | The remains or physical evidence of an organism preserved by geological processes.
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| sedimentary rock | Fossils are commonly preserved in what type of rock?
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| What parts of organisms are typically fossilized? | Hard-parts -- like bones and shells
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| Index fossil | Fossils that are used to date a layer of rock or other nearby fossils
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