Layers of the Earth and Plate Tectonics 2f, 2g, 2h
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| Asthenosphere | A plastic layer of the mantle on which tectonic plates move.
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| Continental Drift | The hypothesis that all continents were once a single landmass, Pangaea, have broken up, and drifted to present day locations.
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| Convection Current | The movement of matter due to differences in temperature and density.
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| Convergent Boundary | Boundary where two lithospheric plates collide.
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| Continental-Continental Convergent Boundary | Creates Mountains
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| Continental-Oceanic Convergent Boundary | Creates a subduction zone and a trench and volcano
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| Oceanic-Oceanic Convergent Boundary | Creates a subduction zone and a trench and volcano
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| Crust | Outermost layer of the earth, coolest layer.
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| Deep ocean trench | Steep depression along the bottom of the ocean floor where subduction occurs.
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| Density | A measure of mass per unit of volume.
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| Divergent Boundary | Boundary between two lithospheric plates that are moving away from each other. Creates seafloor spreading, new crust forms.
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| Earthquakes | Sudden movements in the Earth's crust caused by the release of stress accumulated along a fault or from volcanic activity.
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| Fault | A crack in the Earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other.
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| Inner Core | Layer of the earth made of solid iron and nickel, hottest layer of the earth.
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| Mantle | (The ________ had a little LAM), thickest layer of the earth, made of solid rock and plastic rock.
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| Mid-Ocean Ridge | a long, undersea mountain chain created at a divergent boundary.
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| Outer Core | Layer of the earth made of liquid iron and nickel.
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| Pangaea | The name of the former Supercontinent.
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| Plate Boundary | Location where two plates meet.
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| Plate Tectonics | The theory that explains how pieces of the Earth's crust are moving and changing shape.
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| Seafloor Spreading | The process by which new oceanic crust forms from magma that rises and solidifies at divergent boundaries.
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| Subduction Zone | Location where lithospheric plates slide under another. The more dense plate always subducts (or goes under) the less dense one.
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| Tectonic Plates | Large pieces of lithosphere that consist of the crust and uppermost part of the mantle.
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| Transform Boundary | Boundary where two lithospheric plates move past one another. This causes Earthquakes.
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| Earth is composed of four layers. Many scientists believe when the Earth formed the densest materials sank to the center and the less dense materials rose to the top. Which layer is the LEAST dense? | The crust.
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| Subduction is when one plate goes under another plate. What causes this plate to go under the other plate? | It is more dense than the top plate.
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| The following is the best evidence that Earth's continents were once in vastly different positions than they are today? | Fossils of tropical plants are found in Antarctica.
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| Which events are most common along tectonic plate boundaries? | Earthquakes and Volcanoes
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| What landform forms at convergent oceanic plate boundaries? | Trenches
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| Which two metals are the inner and outer core made of? | Nickel and Iron
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| Who defined the large super-continent? | Wegener
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| Seafloor spreading and continental drift are believed to be caused by? | Convection Currents in the mantle
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| The following best describes why some identical animal fossils have been discovered on opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean? | The continents were once one large landmass.
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| Where are the tectonic plates located? | Lithosphere
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| How does temperature and pressure change in the layers as you move towards the core? | Temperature and Pressure both increase.
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| What is different about the inner core and outer core? | The outer core is liquid and the inner core is solid. They are both composed of Iron and Nickel (metal).
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| Why does convection currents in the mantle cause tectonic plate movement? | Warm, less dense matter rises; cool, more dense material sinks.
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| Located on a major plate boundary, Mount Everest is the tallest mountain in the world and is still growing. What type of boundary BEST explains the increasing height of Mount Everest? | Convergent boundary where two plates are colliding.
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| How does fossil evidence support Wegener’s hypothesis of continental drift? | Similar fossils found on different continents suggests that the continents were once a single landmass.
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| A student’s class is having a debate about how to use evidence to support their claim that fossils can explain how Earth’s climate has changed. Which piece of evidence BEST supports the claim? | Fossils of flowers that were known to be tropical were found in very cold climates like Antarctica.
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