322 Blueprint 3
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| nitrofurantoin | treats UTIs; take with food; turns urine brown
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| methenamine | effective when urine pH is less than 5.5; should not be taken with sulfonamides because this increases the risk of crystalluria; used for chronic UTI
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| antispasmodic | relieves spasms, oxybutynin; anticholinergic side effects
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| levothyroxine | taken every day for the rest of life; monitor for overcorrection - thyrotoxicosis, osteoporosis; take on an empty stomach, safe in pregnancy
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| methimazole | avoid during pregnancy; preferred hyperthyroid drug; toxicity agranulocytosis
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| sulfonylureas | stimulate release of insulin, used for type 2; cannot be used with liver or kidney dysfunction; glipizide
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| biguanides (Metformin) | inhibits glucose production in the liver, reduces glucose absorption in small intestine, treatment immediately for type 2
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| general side effects of antibiotics | anaphylaxis, N/V/D, superinfections
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| glycopeptide | for gram positive (MRSA AND C DIFF); report red man's syndrome, affects renal function and hearing; given with water and protect from sun exposure
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| metronidazole | anaerobic organisms only, commonly GI tract; dry mouth and metallic taste; prolonged QT interval; no alcohol
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| tetracycline | empty stomach with water, makes contraceptives less effective, teeth discoloration; do not give to children younger than 8 years
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| INH | anti tubercular; take pyroxidine to prevent peripheral neuropathy
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| rifampin | can turn body fluids orange and discolor contact lenses
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| amphotericin B | highly toxic and dangerous, IV only for severe systemic fungal infections
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| amphotericin B pre treatment | diphenhydramine, acetaminophen and hydrocortisone 30 to 60 minutes before
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| antiviral second generation | PO, active against both and preferred - better tolerance; taken within 48 hours to make person healthier sooner
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| chronic HBV treatment | 1 alpha interferon, 4 nucleoside analogs - PO, delays progression to liver disease; vaccine is available
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| hepatitis C treatment - protease inhibitors | ledipasivir/ sofosbuvir; cures type 1 but expensive
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| methods to eradicate malaria | prophylaxis, treating acute attack, prevent relapse
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| chloroquine | inhibits parasitic growth; effects cranial nerve 8 - hearing and balance, photosensitivity; agranulocytosis; ECG changes
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| medication adherence to ART | needs to be 95%, missing doses can cause drug resistance
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| ART goals | decrease viral load to 20 to 40 copies, increase CD4
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| hold chemotherapy | signs of dehydration, fever over 100.5, presence of neutropenia or thrombocytopenia, tumor complications
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| side effects of antineoplastics | alopecia, dehydration, fatigue and weakness; these are because of the harm to healthy cells
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| myelosuppression due to antineoplastics | anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia
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| cell cycle specific | only work in S and M phase, not G0; antimetabolites, alkylating agents, vinca alklaloids
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| cell cycle non specific | most effective against proliferating cells
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| nitrogen mustard analogue | CCNS alkylating agent; to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis given Mesna to reduce hematuria and increase fluids
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| anthracycline | anti tumor antibiotic turns urine red color; monitor for ECG changes
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| plant alkaloids | anti mitotic blocks cell division at M phase
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| epoeitn | stimulates RBC production; decreases length of post treatment neutropenia and permits delivery of higher doses; can lead to blood clots and hypertension
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| filgrastim | increases WBC in bone marrow, regulates production of neutrophils; is not given 24 hours before or after chemotherapy
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| bactrim side effects | photosensitivity and crystalluria
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| propylthiouracil | preferred during 1st trimester of pregnancy; requires multiple doses
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| rapid acting insulin | lispro, aspart, glulisine
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| short acting insulin | regular insulin - Humulin R and Novolin R
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| intermediate acting | NPH insulin - Humulin N and Novolin N
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| long acting insulin | glargine, detemir; used for someone with more stable BG
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| sulfonylureas 2nd generation | increases tissue response to insulin; longer duration of action and fewer side effects; disadvantage - greater hypoglycemia potency
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| biguanides side effects | decreased B12 levels and folic acid deficiency; does not cause hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia
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| external insulin pump | external like pancreas, basal rate and bolus according to food; check BG 4 times daily
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| narrow spectrum antibiotics | preferred because broad spectrum lead to more resistance
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| drugs with narrow therapeutic range | vancomycin, amino glycosides because of their renal and ototoxicity
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| treatment for penicillin anaphylaxis | epinephrine, steroids, antihistamine
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| sulfonamides avoided | during pregnancy; can cause malformations and neural tube defects; contraindicated during breastfeeding because of risk of kernicterus
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| fluoroquinolone | strong bactericidal against respiratory and pneumonia infections; big risk for crystalluria and photosensitivity
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| post exposure prophylaxis - HIV | started within 72 hours and taken for 28 days
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| DOT | intermittent doses, increases adherence
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| alkylating agents | hydrate to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis
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| peak | 30 minutes prior to dose
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| trough | 1 hour after completion of dose
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Created by:
ahommel
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