Exploitation of Natural Resources
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| What is exploitation | Making use of and benefiting from resources. It is necessary for peoples survival
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| What is over exploitation | When resources are used too quickly and too much, this may result in the resource becoming depleted or exhausted
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| What is sustainable exploitation | The use of resources in such a way that they will be available and usable in the future
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| What is drought | When there is a long period of time without sufficient rainfall
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| What is Irrigation | The transport of water from one area that has a plentiful supply to another area that has low levels of rainfall or cannot access water easily
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| Why is Irrigation Needed in New Zealand? | New Zealand experiences roughly 2,000 mm of rainfall a year. Due to an increasing population, New Zealand farmland has doubled in size every twelve years. This has led to an increased demand for water in the country. New Zealand has experienced very bad d
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| how do New Zealand ensure the Sustainable Exploitation of Water in New Zealand | There are two main rivers: the
Rakaia and the Waimakariri.
The Central Plains
Irrigation Scheme uses
the water from both
rivers to compensate for
the lack of rainfall.
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| how do New Zealand ensure the Sustainable Exploitation of Water in New Zealand | The irrigation system is well run
Irrigation is planned and timed
Records are kept
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| What is Overfishing | Overfishing occurs when fish
are taken from the sea faster
than they can reproduce.
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| Why is Overfishing Happening? | Improved ships: Super-trawlers have increased the amount of fish caught each year.
These ships can catch fish and then store their catch in huge refrigerators to preserve
them. Smaller ships take the catch back to land, while trawlers remain at sea.
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| Why is Overfishing Happening? | Improved technology: Super-trawlers have the capability to better locate fish. They use
echo sounders and sonar equipment to locate shoals.
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| Why is Overfishing Happening? | Powerful motorised winch cranes can haul in huge nets full of fish.
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| Why is Overfishing Happening? | Netting: Monofilament nets are hard for fish to see. They can stretch for more than
40 km and hang like massive curtains in the water. Trawl nets scoop fish from the
bottom of the sea floor.
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| How can you ensure fishing is done sustainably | Ensuring fishing trawlers only fish within their
own waters.
Reducing the amount of fish (fishing quotas) that
are allowed to be caught.
Surveying fish stocks to record if they get too low.
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| How can you ensure fishing is done sustainably | Reducing fishing fleets (number of super-trawlers)
in our seas.
Restricting fishing of certain types of fish at specific
times of the year.
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| What is the main use of soil | Farming
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| What is farming | Farming is the business
of growing crops, e.g.
barley, or raising
livestock, e.g. cattle.
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| How can Soil exploitation be not good- Pollution | Fertilising land can pose a real threat to soil, if done incorrectly.
The increased rainfall experienced in Ireland from October on means the excess manure
on the soil can be washed away into nearby rivers, polluting them and other soils nearby.
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| How can Soil exploitation be not good-Overfertilisation | The nutrients supplied by artificial fertilisers do not stay in the soil for very long.
Because the nutrients are naturally available in the soil, there is a danger of overfertilisation, which can kill crops.
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| How can Soil be sustainably managed | Crop rotation (moving of crops):
the same crop is not grown in the same field for two years
in a row.
Different crops are rotated from field to field each year.
the soil in the field not being used is given a chance to recover.
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| How can Soil be sustainably managed | Proper care of soil:
Farmers often use herbicides and pesticides to protect their land from weeds and
harmful insects.
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