Contemporary Research on Personality
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| Trait | a characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act as assessed by self report inventories and peer reports
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| Factor Analysis | a statistic procedure that has been used to identify clusters of related test item
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| Personality Inventories | a questionnaire where people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors; used to asses selected personality traits
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| MN Miltiphastic Personality Inventory | most widely used personality test Originally designed to identify emotional disorders, now used for many other screenings.
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| Empirically derived test | a test developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups
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| The Big Five | conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, extraversion- todays common currency for personality psychology
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| Social-cognitive perspective | views behavior as influenced by the interaction between persons (and their thinking) and their social context
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| Reciprocal determinism | the interacting influences between personality and environmental factors
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| Personal control | our sense of controlling or controlled by our environment
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| External locus of control | the perception of chance or outside forces beyond ones personal control determines their fate
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| Internal locus of control | the perception that one controls ones own fate
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| Learned helplessness | the hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events.
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| Positive Psychology | the scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive
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| Possible selves | visions of the self you dream of becoming and the self you fear of coming
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| Spotlight Effect | overestimating others’ noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders (as if a spotlight were on us)
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| Self-Esteem | feeling of high or low self worth
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| Self serving bias | our readiness to perceive ourselves favorably
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