biopsychology
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| action potential | electrical signals that move down the neuron's axon
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| adrenal gland | located ontop of the kidneys
in-charge of the stress response
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| agonist | a drug that mimics/strengthens the effects of a neurotransmitter
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| all or none | neuron signal either reaches the threshold of excitation or dosent
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| allele | type of a gene
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| amygdala | structure in the system
controls emotions and relating emotions to memories
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| antagonist | a drug that either blocks or impedes a neurotransmitter
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| auditory cortex | a strip of cortex in the temporal lobe that is responsible for auditory processing
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| autonomic nervous system | controls internal organs and glands
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| axon | major extension of the soma
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| biological perspective | psychological disorders stem from biological imbalances
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| Broca's area | region in the left hemisphere that is responsible for language production
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| Central nervous system | brain and spinal cord
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| cerebellum | hind brain structure
controls balance coordination, motor skills and maybe processing memories
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| Cerebral cortex | the surface of the brain- associated with higher mental capacities
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| what does CT stand for | computerised tomography
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| CT scan | computer coordinates and integrates multiple x-rays of a specific area
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| corpus callosum | a band of neural fibres that connect the two hemispheres of the brain
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| Dendrite | branch extension of the soma- receives signals from other neurons TV antenna
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| Diabetes | related to lack of insulin production
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| what does EEG stand for | electroencephalography
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| EEG | records the electrical activities of the brain via electrodes on the scalp
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| endocrine system | a series of glands that produce hormones
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| epigenetics | the study of gene environment interactions
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| fight or flight | heightened sensory capacity to fight or run away
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| what system controls fight or flight | the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
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| forebrain | largest portion of the brain that contains the cerebral cortex, the thalamus and the lymbic structure
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| fraternal twins | developed from 2 different eggs that are fertilized by different sperm. Same genetic material as regular siblings
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| frontal lobe | part of the cerebral cortex that is involved in reasoning, motor control, emotion and language
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| What does fMRI stand for | functional magnetic resonance imaging
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| what does fMRI do? | shows the changes in metabolic activity over time
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| genetic environmental correlation | genes affect our environment and our environment affects our genes
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| glial cell | nervous cell that provides metabolic and physical support to neurons ex. insulation, communication and waste control
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| gonad | secretes sexual hormones and mediates sexual motivation and behaviour
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| gyrus | the bumps or ridges on the cerebral cortex
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| hemisphere | left or right part of the brain
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| hindbrain | contains the medulla, pons and the cerebellum
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| hippocampus | located in the temporal lobe and is associated with learning and memory
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| homeostasis | state of equilibrium
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| hormone | chemical that is secreted by the endocrine glands
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| hypothalamus | forebrain structure regulates sexual motivation/behaviour and homeostasis. Mediator between nervous and endocrine system
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| laterlization | each hemisphere is associated with specific processes
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| limbic system | structures involved in processing emotions and memory
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| longitudinal fissure | deep groves in the brain's cortex
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| MRI | magnetic resonance imaging- magnetic fields produce a picture of the tissue being imaged
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| medulla | hindbrain structure that controls automated processes
ex. blood pressure, breathing etc
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| membrane potential | difference in charge across the neuronal membrane
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| midbrain | division of the brain located between the forebrain and the hindbrain. controls recticular formation
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| motor cortex | a strip of cortex involved in movement
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| myelian sheath | insulates the axon (wires)
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| neuron | nervous system cells that process information
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| neuroplasticity | the nervous system's ability to change
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| neurotransmitter | chemical messengers of the nervous system
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| Nodes of Ranvier | the space between the mylean sheath that expose the axon
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| occipital lobe | part of the cerebral cortex associated with visual processing. contains the primary visual cortex
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| pancreas | secretes hormones that regulate blood sugar
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| parasympathetic nervous system | connects the brain and spinal cord to the muscles, organs and senses in the periphery of the body
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| polygenic | multiple genes affect a given trait
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| pituitary gland | secretes key hormones that direct the other glands of the endocrine system (the boss)
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| pons | hindbrain structure that connects the brain and spinal cord.
involved in regulating brain activity during sleep
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| what does PET stand for? | Positron emission tomography
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| PET scan | inject the patient with mildly radioactive substance and monitoring the changes in blood flow to the different regions of the brain
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| Prefrontal cortex | area in the frontal lobe responsible for higher level cognitive functioning
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| psychotropic medication | drugs that treat psychiatric symptoms by fixing neurotransmitter balance
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| range of reaction | sets a boundary in which we can operate and our environment interacts with genes to determine where we fall in the range
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| receptor | protien on the surface of the cell where neurotransmitters attatch
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| resting potential | the state of readiness of a neuron membrane’s potential between signals
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| reticular formation | midbrain structure important in regulating the sleep/wake cycle, arousal, alertness, and motor activity
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| reuptake | neurotransmitter is pumped back into the neuron that released it
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| semipermeable membrane | cell membrane that allows smaller molecules or molecules without an electrical charge to pass through it, while stopping larger or highly charged molecules
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| soma | the cell body
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| somatic nervous system | relays sensory and motor information to and from the CNS
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| somatosensory cortex | essential for processing sensory information from across the body, such as touch, temperature, and pain
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| substantia nigra | midbrain structure where dopamine is produced; involved in control of movement
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| sulcus | depressions or grooves in the cerebral cortex
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| sympathetic nervous system | involved in stress-related activities and functions
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| synaptic cleft | small gap between two neurons where communication occurs
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| synaptic vesicle | storage site for neurotransmitters
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| temporal lobe | part of cerebral cortex associated with hearing, memory, emotion, and some aspects of language; contains primary auditory cortex
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| terminal button | axon terminal containing synaptic vesicles
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| thalamus | sensory relay for the brain
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| threshold of excitation | level of charge in the membrane that causes the neuron to become active
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| thyroid | secretes hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, and appetite
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| ventral tegmental area (VTA) | midbrain structure where dopamine is produced: associated with mood, reward, and addiction
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| Wernicke’s area | important for speech comprehension
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Created by:
eillis.grad2025
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