The Science of Psychology
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| psychology | show 🗑
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| show | an approach to knowledge that relies on collecting data, generating a theory to explain the data, producing testable hypotheses based on the theory, and testing these hypotheses empirically
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| theory | show 🗑
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| show | specific, testable predictions derived from a theory
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| structuralism | show 🗑
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| show | theory of mental life and behavior that is concerned with how an organism uses its perceptual abilities to function in its environment
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| show | personality theories contending that behavior results from psychological forces that interact within the individual, often outside conscious awareness
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| show | school of psychology that studies only observable and measurable behavior
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| show | school of psychology that studies how people perceive and experience objects as whole patterns
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| humanistic psychology | show 🗑
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| cognitive psychology | show 🗑
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| evolutionary psychology | show 🗑
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| positive psychology | show 🗑
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| show | the psychological and social meanings attached to being biologically male or female; often used interchangeably with one's biological makeup or sex
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| gender stereotypes | show 🗑
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| show | behaviors that we expect each gender to engage in
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| show | refers to the directions of one's sexual interest toward members of the same sex, other sex, or both sexes
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| show | a subpopulation of a species, defined according to an identifiable characteristic (e.g. geographic location, skin color, hair texture, genes, facial features)
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| ethnic group | show 🗑
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| show | the tangible goods and the values, attitudes, and beliefs that are passed from one generation to another
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| empirical evidence | show 🗑
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| naturalistic observation | show 🗑
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| observer bias | show 🗑
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| case study | show 🗑
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| show | research technique in which questionnaires or interviews are administered to a selected group of people
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| correlational research | show 🗑
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| show | a research technique in which an investigator deliberately manipulates selected events or circumstances and then measures the effects of those manipulations on subsequent behavior
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| participants | show 🗑
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| independent variable | show 🗑
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| show | in an experiment, the variable that is measured to see how it is changed by manipulations in the independent variable
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| show | in a controlled experiment, the group subjected to a change in the independent variable
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| control group | show 🗑
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| show | expectations by the experimenter that might influence the results of an experiment or its interpretation
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| show | selection of cases from a larger population
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| show | sample in which each potential participant has an equal chance of being selected
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| show | sample carefully chosen so that the characterisitcs of the participants corresponds closely to the characteristics of the larger population
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