Anatomy Exam 2
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| show | H-zone
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| Which region has only thin filaments? | show 🗑
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| show | A-band
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| Which structure is seen as "dark"? | show 🗑
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| show | I-band
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| show | Sarcomere
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| show | Postive
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| show | Negative
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| show | Na+
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| What is the ion in greater abundance inside of the muscle fiber at rest? | show 🗑
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| show | Depolarization
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| What is the process in which the action potential spreads down the sarcolemma? | show 🗑
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| show | Repolarization
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| What is used to ensure that the ions are properly distributed when repolarization occur? | show 🗑
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| Is the Na+/K+ pump an active or passive transport? | show 🗑
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| What neurotransmitter must be released in order to generate an action potential? | show 🗑
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| What is the name of the region where the synaptic knob meets the muscle fiber to release this neurotransmitter? | show 🗑
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| What is the name of the thick filament? | show 🗑
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| show | Actin
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| Where is tropomyosin located? | show 🗑
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| What is the function of tropomyosin? | show 🗑
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| Where is troponin located? | show 🗑
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| What is the function of troponin? | show 🗑
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| show | Ca2+
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| show | Terminal cisternae and sarcoplasmic reticulum
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| What is the name of the structure that runs between the structures mentioned in the above question? | show 🗑
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| show | 2 terminal cisternae and 1 t-tubule
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| show | Ca2+ ATPase
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| show | Excitability, contractility, elasticity, and extensibility
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| show | Responds to stimuli
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| show | Leads to contraction/shortening
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| show | Ability to return to resting length
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| show | Ability to stretch
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| show | Movement, support, protection, heat generation, and blood circulation
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| Each fiber is composed of bundles of muscle fibers called? | show 🗑
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| Myofibrils are made up of? | show 🗑
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| What are the three connective tissue layers to a skeletal muscle from superficial to deep? | show 🗑
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| show | Sarcolemma
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| What is the name of the structure that attaches muscle to bone? What type of connective tissue is it made from? | show 🗑
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| Are tendons well vascularized? | show 🗑
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| What do we call a repetitive inflammatory injury to the above named structure? | show 🗑
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| show | A functional unit of skeletal muscle where shortening happens
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| During the sliding-filament theory, do the myofilaments actually shorten? | show 🗑
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| What happens to the Z-discs during the sliding-filament theory? | show 🗑
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| What happens to the H-zone during the sliding filament theory? | show 🗑
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| show | Cross-bridge, power stroke, detachment, and return
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| What happens during the cross-bridge stage? | show 🗑
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| What happens during the power stroke stage? | show 🗑
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| show | ATP must attach to the myosin head to release it
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| show | ATP catabolizes to ADP and Pi
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| show | Muscle changes length against weight (resistance)
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| What is an example of isotonic contraction? | show 🗑
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| List the two phases of an isotonic contraction: | show 🗑
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| show | Concentric and eccentric
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| What is an example of isometric contraction? | show 🗑
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| show | Motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it controls
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| Which would have a larger amount of motor units, your hamstrings or the muscles of your hand? | show 🗑
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| Agonist definition: | show 🗑
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| show | Opposite of agonist
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| show | Helps the agonist
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| Where is growth hormone released from? | show 🗑
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| show | Growth
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| Where is thyroid hormone released from? | show 🗑
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| show | Stimulates bone growth
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| Where is parathyroid hormone released? | show 🗑
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| show | Activates osteoclast
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| Where is calcitonin released from? | show 🗑
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| show | Promotes Ca2+ deposition in bone (negative feedback)
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| What does estrogen and testosterone effect? | show 🗑
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| What is actually happening in the condition known as Achondroplasia? | show 🗑
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| show | Zone of resting cartilage, zone of proliferating cartilage (growth), zone of hypertrophic cartilage (enlargement), zone of calcified cartilage, and zone of ossification (making of bone)
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| Which zone is closest to the epiphysis? | show 🗑
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| Which zone is closest to the diaphysis? | show 🗑
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| show | Zone of proliferating cartilage
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| Which zone is being replaced by bone? | show 🗑
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| What is actually happening in the condition called Osteoporosis? What is happening to the bones? | show 🗑
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| show | Osteon
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| What is the “bullseye” of this structure called? What is running though here? | show 🗑
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| show | Runs perpendicular; osteons to blood vessel
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| What is the name of the connective tissue structure that covers our bones? How many layers does it have? | show 🗑
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| show | Cambium (inner) and fibrous (outer)
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| show | Sharpay's fibres
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| show | Weight lifting
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| What type of bone is found in the diaphysis? | show 🗑
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| show | Spongy bone
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| show | Hyaline
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| show | Hyaline
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| show | Epiphyseal line is the remnant of epiphyseal plate in mature bone
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| Name a major difference in the microscopic anatomy between compact and spongy bone. | show 🗑
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| show | Hyaline
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| What types of bones undergo Endochondral Ossification? | show 🗑
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| What types of bones are formed by Intramembranous Ossification? | show 🗑
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| How does appositional growth affect the development of bone? | show 🗑
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| What is the function of osteoprogenitor cells? | show 🗑
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| show | Immature cells that bone
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| show | Mature cells that maintain the bone matrix
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| What is the function of osteoclast? | show 🗑
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| What would happen if osteoclast activity was greater than osteoblast activity? | show 🗑
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| show | Calcium and phosphorus
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| show | Promotes collagen production
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| show | Promotes absorption of Ca2+ and phosphate into blood; helps calcify bone
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| show | Activates osteoblast
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| What are the six functions of the skeletal system? | show 🗑
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| What is the major protein fiber running through the bony matrix? | show 🗑
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| What are the inorganic components of bone? | show 🗑
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| show | Long bone (femur), short bone (tarsal), flat bone (sternum), irregular bone (coxal)
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| show | Nutrient artery
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| Do bones have nerves running through them? | show 🗑
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| What is a fibrous joint? | show 🗑
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| What is a cartilaginous joint? | show 🗑
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| show | A joint that contains a joint cavity
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| show | Teeth
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| show | Epiphyseal plate
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| show | Shoulder
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| show | An immobile joint
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| What is a amphiarthrosis joint? | show 🗑
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| show | A freely moveable joint
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| show | Teeth
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| show | Shoulder
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| What is an example of an amphiarthrosis joint? | show 🗑
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| show | The bone begins to rub together due to the cartilage pads being worn down. It's common in hands, knees, hips, and spine.
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| show | Mobile peg and socket joint
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| What is a suture? | show 🗑
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| show | 2 adjacent bones linked by strong membrane or ligaments
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| show | Cartilaginous; bone joined by hyaline cartilage
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| What is a symphysis? | show 🗑
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| show | Amphiarthrosis
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| show | Synarthrosis
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| Would a synchondrosis be considered a fibrous, cartilaginous or synovial joint? | show 🗑
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| show | Fibrous
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| show | Fibrocartilage
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| Are synovial joints considered a synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis or diarthrosis? | show 🗑
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| show | Fibrous layer (CT), and synovial layer (areolar)
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| show | Produces synovial fluid
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| What is the joint space? | show 🗑
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| What does articular cartilage allow for? | show 🗑
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| What does synovial fluid do? | show 🗑
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| show | Allows for movement and avoid excessive movement
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| show | Hyaline
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| Is mature cartilage vascular? | show 🗑
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| show | Synovial fluid
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| show | Stretching/tearing of ligaments
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| show | Prevents excessive forwards movements of tibia or limiting rotational knee movements
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| What type of cartilage makes the meniscus? | show 🗑
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| What structures are affected in what’s known as the “terrible triad of O'Donoghue”? | show 🗑
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| How many vertebrae make up the cervical spine? | show 🗑
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| show | Lordosis; distribution of head weight
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| How many vertebrae make up the thoracic spine? | show 🗑
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| What type of normal curvature is found in the thoracic spine? Why do you this this curve is found here? | show 🗑
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| How many vertebrae make up the lumbar spine? | show 🗑
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| show | Lordosis; distributes weight
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| show | Fibrocartilage
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| show | Nucleus polposus
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| show | No
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| What are some other types of disc injuries that can occur? Why can these be problematic? | show 🗑
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| show | 5
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| How many fused segments make up the coccyx? | show 🗑
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| show | Superior and Inferior articular process
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| show | Spinal nerves
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| Can you sprain your spine? | show 🗑
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| show | Humeroulnar (hinge)
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| show | Glenohumeral (ball and socket)
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| show | Femoroacetabular (ball and socket)
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| Wrist joint name: | show 🗑
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| show | Tibiofemoral (hinge)
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| show | Atlanto-occipital (condylar)
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| show | Sacroiliac (planar/gliding)
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| Ankle joint name: | show 🗑
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| show | Interphalangeal (hinge)
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| What joint is where the atlas meets the axis? | show 🗑
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| What joint is between the carpals? | show 🗑
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| First metacarpal and trapezium joint name: | show 🗑
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| show | Temporo-mandibular (modified hinge type joint)
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| Metacarpals and phalanges joint name: | show 🗑
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| show | Proximal radioulnar (pivot)
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| show | Downward angle of joint
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| Extension definition: | show 🗑
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| Medial (internal) rotation definition: | show 🗑
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| show | Rotating head of bone away from midline
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| Supination definition: | show 🗑
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| Pronation definition: | show 🗑
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| show | Moving scapula or mandible superior
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| Retraction definition: | show 🗑
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| show | Moving scapula or mandible inferior
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| show | Moving Scapula or mandible anterior
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| Lateral flexion definition: | show 🗑
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| What are the characteristics of a planar/gliding joint? | show 🗑
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| What are the characteristics of a pivot joint? | show 🗑
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| show | Both surfaces have a "saddle"
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| show | Convex surface fits into a concave surface
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| What are the characteristics of a condylar joint? | show 🗑
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| What are the characteristics of a ball and socket joint? | show 🗑
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