Anatomy Exam 2
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| show | H-zone
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| Which region has only thin filaments? | show 🗑
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| Which region has both thick and thin filaments? | show 🗑
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| Which structure is seen as "dark"? | show 🗑
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| Which structure is seen as "light"? | show 🗑
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| What is the name of the structure that runs from one Z-disc to the next Z-disc? | show 🗑
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| show | Postive
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| show | Negative
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| show | Na+
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| show | K+
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| show | Depolarization
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| What is the process in which the action potential spreads down the sarcolemma? | show 🗑
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| What is the name of the process in which the muscle cell returns to its original charge? | show 🗑
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| show | Na+/K+ pump
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| Is the Na+/K+ pump an active or passive transport? | show 🗑
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| What neurotransmitter must be released in order to generate an action potential? | show 🗑
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| show | The neuromuscular junction
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| show | Myosin
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| show | Actin
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| Where is tropomyosin located? | show 🗑
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| show | It covers the binding sites on actin
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| Where is troponin located? | show 🗑
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| show | It binds with Ca2+ to move tropomyosin away from the binding sites
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| show | Ca2+
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| show | Terminal cisternae and sarcoplasmic reticulum
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| What is the name of the structure that runs between the structures mentioned in the above question? | show 🗑
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| What are the structures that make a “triad” in a muscle fiber | show 🗑
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| show | Ca2+ ATPase
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| show | Excitability, contractility, elasticity, and extensibility
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| show | Responds to stimuli
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| What does contractility mean? | show 🗑
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| What does elasticity mean? | show 🗑
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| What does extensibility mean? | show 🗑
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| 5 functions of muscle tissue: | show 🗑
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| show | Fascicles
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| show | Myofilaments
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| What are the three connective tissue layers to a skeletal muscle from superficial to deep? | show 🗑
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| The plasma membrane of a muscle cell is also known as the? | show 🗑
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| What is the name of the structure that attaches muscle to bone? What type of connective tissue is it made from? | show 🗑
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| show | They are poorly vascularized
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| What do we call a repetitive inflammatory injury to the above named structure? | show 🗑
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| show | A functional unit of skeletal muscle where shortening happens
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| During the sliding-filament theory, do the myofilaments actually shorten? | show 🗑
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| show | They move closer together
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| What happens to the H-zone during the sliding filament theory? | show 🗑
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| List the 4 stages of the sliding filament theory: | show 🗑
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| What happens during the cross-bridge stage? | show 🗑
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| What happens during the power stroke stage? | show 🗑
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| show | ATP must attach to the myosin head to release it
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| What happens during the return stage? | show 🗑
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| Give the definition of an isotonic contraction: | show 🗑
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| show | Curling weights
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| List the two phases of an isotonic contraction: | show 🗑
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| List the two phases of an isometric contraction | show 🗑
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| What is an example of isometric contraction? | show 🗑
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| What is a motor unit? | show 🗑
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| Which would have a larger amount of motor units, your hamstrings or the muscles of your hand? | show 🗑
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| show | Prime mover for any action
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| Antagonist definition: | show 🗑
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| show | Helps the agonist
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| show | Posterior pituitary gland
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| What does growth hormone effect? | show 🗑
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| Where is thyroid hormone released from? | show 🗑
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| show | Stimulates bone growth
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| Where is parathyroid hormone released? | show 🗑
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| What does parathyroid hormone effect? | show 🗑
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| Where is calcitonin released from? | show 🗑
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| show | Promotes Ca2+ deposition in bone (negative feedback)
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| show | Puberty growth, and promotes epiphyseal plate growth and closure
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| show | A mutation in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 causing it to be continually active and leads to severely shortened bones
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| what are the 5 zones of epiphyseal cartilage? (beginning epiphysis- beginning diaphysis) | show 🗑
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| Which zone is closest to the epiphysis? | show 🗑
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| show | Zone of ossification
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| show | Zone of proliferating cartilage
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| show | Zone of ossification
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| What is actually happening in the condition called Osteoporosis? What is happening to the bones? | show 🗑
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| What is another name for a Haversian System? | show 🗑
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| What is the “bullseye” of this structure called? What is running though here? | show 🗑
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| What is the function of Perforating (Volkman’s) canal’s? | show 🗑
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| What is the name of the connective tissue structure that covers our bones? How many layers does it have? | show 🗑
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| What are the layers of the periosteum? | show 🗑
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| What is the name of the structures that attach the above named structure to the bone? | show 🗑
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| How does exercise help our bones? | show 🗑
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| What type of bone is found in the diaphysis? | show 🗑
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| show | Spongy bone
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| What type of cartilage is found in the metaphysis? | show 🗑
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| What type of cartilage is articular cartilage? | show 🗑
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| What is the difference between the epiphyseal plate and the epiphyseal line? | show 🗑
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| Name a major difference in the microscopic anatomy between compact and spongy bone. | show 🗑
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| What type of cartilage is the model for Endochondral Ossification? | show 🗑
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| What types of bones undergo Endochondral Ossification? | show 🗑
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| show | Flat bones: skull, some facial bones, mandible, and central clavicle
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| show | Bones will be wider and thicker
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| show | Divide and become osteoblast through mitosis
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| What is the function of osteoblast? | show 🗑
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| show | Mature cells that maintain the bone matrix
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| What is the function of osteoclast? | show 🗑
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| show | Bone would be broken down faster than its built
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| List the two main minerals found within bone tissue: | show 🗑
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| What does vitamin C do? | show 🗑
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| What does vitamin D do? | show 🗑
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| What does vitamin A do? | show 🗑
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| show | Protects internal organs, stores and releases fat, produces all blood cells, stores and releases minerals, facilitates movement, and supports the body
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| show | Collagen
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| show | Calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxapetite
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| show | Long bone (femur), short bone (tarsal), flat bone (sternum), irregular bone (coxal)
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| Name the blood vessel that enters the bone through the diaphysis. | show 🗑
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| show | Yes
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| show | A joint connected to fibrous tissue (dense regular CT)
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| What is a cartilaginous joint? | show 🗑
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| What is a synovial joint? | show 🗑
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| show | Teeth
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| What is an example of cartilaginous joint? | show 🗑
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| What is an example of a synovial joint? | show 🗑
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| What is a synarthrosis joint? | show 🗑
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| show | A slightly moveable joint
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| What is a diarthrosis joint? | show 🗑
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| Whats an example of a synarthrosis joint? | show 🗑
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| show | Shoulder
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| show | Between the radius and ulna
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| show | The bone begins to rub together due to the cartilage pads being worn down. It's common in hands, knees, hips, and spine.
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| What is gomphosis? | show 🗑
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| show | Connects the bones of the skull
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| What is syndesmosis? | show 🗑
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| show | Cartilaginous; bone joined by hyaline cartilage
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| What is a symphysis? | show 🗑
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| show | Amphiarthrosis
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| Would a suture be considered a synarthrosis, diarthrosis or amphiarthrosis? | show 🗑
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| Would a synchondrosis be considered a fibrous, cartilaginous or synovial joint? | show 🗑
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| show | Fibrous
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| What type of cartilage is found in the pubic symphysis? | show 🗑
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| show | Diarthrosis
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| What are the 2 layer of a joint capsule? | show 🗑
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| What does the synovial layer produce? | show 🗑
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| What is the joint space? | show 🗑
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| What does articular cartilage allow for? | show 🗑
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| What does synovial fluid do? | show 🗑
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| show | Allows for movement and avoid excessive movement
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| What type of cartilage is found in the articular cartilage? | show 🗑
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| show | No, it's avasvcular
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| How does cartilage get its nutrients? | show 🗑
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| What does it mean when you have a “sprain” injury? | show 🗑
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| What is the function of the anterior cruciate ligament? | show 🗑
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| show | Fibrocartilage
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| show | ACL, medial meniscus, and medial collateral ligament (MCL)
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| How many vertebrae make up the cervical spine? | show 🗑
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| What is the normal curvature that is found in the cervical spine? Why do you think this curve is found here? | show 🗑
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| How many vertebrae make up the thoracic spine? | show 🗑
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| What type of normal curvature is found in the thoracic spine? Why do you this this curve is found here? | show 🗑
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| How many vertebrae make up the lumbar spine? | show 🗑
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| show | Lordosis; distributes weight
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| What type of cartilage are the intervertebral discs made from? | show 🗑
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| show | Nucleus polposus
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| show | No
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| What are some other types of disc injuries that can occur? Why can these be problematic? | show 🗑
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| How many fused segments make up the sacrum? | show 🗑
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| How many fused segments make up the coccyx? | show 🗑
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| Which two structures (out of the 8 common characteristics) on a vertebrae will meet to make a joint and also form the intervertebral foramen? | show 🗑
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| What is leaving from the intervertebral foramen? | show 🗑
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| show | Yes
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| Elbow joint name: | show 🗑
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| Shoulder joint name: | show 🗑
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| Hip joint name: | show 🗑
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| show | Radiocarpal (condylar)
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| show | Tibiofemoral (hinge)
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| Which joint meets the first cervical vertebra? | show 🗑
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| show | Sacroiliac (planar/gliding)
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| show | Talocrural (hinge)
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| What is the joint between the phalanges? | show 🗑
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| show | Atlanto-axial (pivot)
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| show | Intercarpals (planar/gliding)
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| First metacarpal and trapezium joint name: | show 🗑
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| Mandibular condyle and mandibular fossa joint name: | show 🗑
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| show | Metacarpophalangeal (ball and socket)
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| show | Proximal radioulnar (pivot)
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| Flexion definition: | show 🗑
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| Extension definition: | show 🗑
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| Medial (internal) rotation definition: | show 🗑
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| show | Rotating head of bone away from midline
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| Supination definition: | show 🗑
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| Pronation definition: | show 🗑
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| show | Moving scapula or mandible superior
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| Retraction definition: | show 🗑
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| show | Moving scapula or mandible inferior
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| Protraction definition: | show 🗑
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| Lateral flexion definition: | show 🗑
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| What are the characteristics of a planar/gliding joint? | show 🗑
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| show | Rounded part of the bone is elevated by the ligament of another bone, allow for rotation
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| show | Both surfaces have a "saddle"
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| What are the characteristics of a hinge joint? | show 🗑
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| show | Rounded surface meets with the depression on another bone, "mini" ball and socket
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| What are the characteristics of a ball and socket joint? | show 🗑
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