EPPP disorders study
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| Schizophreniform | show 🗑
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| show | presence of one or more of four characteristic symptoms for at least one day but less than one month, with at least one symptom being delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech.
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| show | illusions, which occur when “an actual external stimulus is misperceived or misinterpreted” . Vs hallucinations-perception like
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| Schizophrenia | show 🗑
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| Concordance schizophrenia | show 🗑
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| Schizophrenia cause | show 🗑
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| Comorbid w schizophrenia | show 🗑
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| Schizophrenia onset | show 🗑
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| show | anosognosia (a lack of insight into or awareness of one’s disorder) is associated w non-adherence to treatment, elevated risk for relapse.
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| show | The SGA clozapine has been found to be the most effective antipsychotic for treatment-resistant schizophrenia
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| Schizoaffective | show 🗑
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| Delusional disorder | show 🗑
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| show | irritable mood, increased activity/energy for at least 1week. 3+ characteristic sym (inflated self-esteem, grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, flightideas). Impairment in functioning, hospitalization to avoid harm or the presence of psychotic feat
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| Hypomanic episode | show 🗑
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| Major depressive episode | show 🗑
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| Bipolar 1 | show 🗑
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| show | at least one hypomanic episode and at least one major depressive episode.
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| show | requires numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms that do not meet the criteria for a hypomanic episode and numerous periods of depres symp that do not meet the criteria for a major depressive episode. The minimum duration of 1yr adults is 2 years kids
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| Bipolar links in brain | show 🗑
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| ADHD differs from bipolar | show 🗑
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| show | lithium is usually most effective for “classic bipolar disorder” which is characterized by a low likelihood ofmixed mood states and rapid cycling, long periods of recovery between episodes, and an onset between 15 and 19 years of age
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| show | anticonvulsant drugs ( carbamazepine, valproic acid) 2nd gen antipsychotic drugs- most effective for “atypical bipolar disorder,”.characterized by mixed mood states, rapid cycling, a lack of full recovery betw episodes, onset bet 10 and 15 years of age
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| MDD diagnosis | show 🗑
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| show | depressed mood with two or more characteristic symptoms (e.g., poor appetite or overeating, insomnia or hypersomnia, feelings of hopelessness) for at least two years in adults or one year in children and adolescents
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| Disruptive mood dysregulation syndrome | show 🗑
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| MDD peripartum onset | show 🗑
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| show | just below 7% experience a major depressive episode between birth and 12 months postpartum. Cognitive-behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy
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| MDD seasonal specifier | show 🗑
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| show | female adolescents and adults having a rate that is 1.5 to 3 times higher than the rate for male adolescents and adults.
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| Depression neurotransmitter link | show 🗑
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| show | studies have found that depression is associated with abnormally high levels of activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and abnormally low levels of activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC)
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| show | describes depression as the result of a low rate of response-contingent reinforcement for social behaviors due to a lack of reinforcement in the environment and/or poor social skills. This results in social isolation, low self-esteem
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| Hopelessness theory-seligs learned helplessness | show 🗑
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| show | attributes depression to a negative cognitive triad that consists of negative thoughts about oneself, the world, and the future.
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| Adhd | show 🗑
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| show | the most prevalent diagnosed disorder among youth ages 3 to 17 years ). is two times more common in males than females during childhood, but the gender difference decreases somewhat in adulthood
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| ADHD comorbidity in children | show 🗑
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| show | reduced total brain volume w smaller-than-normal volumes in the prefrontal cortex, striatum, corpus callosum, cerebellum
low levels of dopamine and norepinephrine have most consistently been identified as contributors to the cognitive and behavioral sym
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| ADHD concordance | show 🗑
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| show | while ADHD in childhood has been linked to an increased risk for substance use problems in adolescence and adulthood, the research suggests this link is not due to treatment with a psychostimulant
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| show | requires at least one vocal tic and multiple motor tics that may occur together or at different times, may wax and wane in frequency but have persisted for more than one year, and had an onset before 18 years of age.
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| show | requires one or more motor or vocal tics that have persisted for more than one year and began before age 18. provisional tic disorder requires one or more motor and/or vocal tics that have been present for less than one year and began before age 18.
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| Tic facts | show 🗑
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| show | has been linked to dopamine overactivity, a smaller-than-normal caudate nucleus, and heredity. Treatment may include an antipsychotic drug (e.g., haloperidol) and medication for comorbid conditions
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| show | includes one or more of 7 symptoms: sound and syllable repetitions, sound prolongations, broken words, audible/silent blocking, circumlocutions, words prono wexcessive physical tension, monosyllawhole-word repetitions. onset is between 2-7 years of age.
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| Communication disorder prognosis | show 🗑
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| show | difficulties related to academic skills.presence of at least one of six symptoms that last for at least six months despite the use of interventions that address difficulties: read, write ,math 5-15% kids dyslexia #1
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| Intellectual disability | show 🗑
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| Causes intellectual disability | show 🗑
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| show | the presence of (a) deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts and (b) restrictive and repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests, and activities. Early dev diagnosis
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| show | prognosis is best when the person has an IQ over 70, functional language skills by age five, and an absence of comorbid mental health problems.
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| show | from 1 to 2% of the population. It is diagnosed three to four times more often in males than in females. The etiology of ASD is unknown, but it is believed to be due to multiple genetic and non-genetic factors.
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| show | 69 to 95%, while rates for dizygotic twins range from 0 to 24% (Ray, 2021). Non-genetic risk factors include male gender, birth before 26 weeks of gestation, advanced parental age, and exposure to certain environmental toxins during prenatal development
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| show | larger-than-normal head / increased brain volume and weight during that period. Abnormalities have also been found in the cerebellum, corpus callosum, and amygdala. Low brain serotonin , high blood 5ht
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| Reactive Attachment Disorder | show 🗑
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| Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder: | show 🗑
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| show | symptoms must have lasted for more than one month, cause significant distress, exposure death. 4 areas: Intrusion, avoiding, mood, arousal.
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| PTSD brain biology | show 🗑
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| show | cognitive-behavior therapy, cognitive processing therapy,prolonged exposure, sari or snri
Telepsych= face therapy
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| show | or threatened death, severe injury, or sexual violation. The person must also have at least nine symptoms from any of five categories for 1 month to 3 days.
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| show | death of a person close to the bereaved person (the patient) at least 12 months ago for adults and 6 months ago for children and adolescents, preoccupation, 3+/8 symptoms nearly every day for at least the previous month
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| Dissociative Amnesia | show 🗑
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| show | persistent or recurrent episodes of depersonalization (a sense of unreality, detachment, or being an outside observer of one’s thoughts, actions) or derealization (a sense of unreality or detachment w one’s surroundings) accompanied by reality testing
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| Somatic Symptom Disorder | show 🗑
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| Illness anxiety disorder | show 🗑
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| show | one or more symptoms that involve a disturbance in voluntary motor or sensory functioning (e.g., paralysis, blindness. can involve psychogenic non-epileptic seizures. EEG doesn't match seizure
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| show | They present themselves to others as being ill or impaired and engage in the deception even when there’s no obvious external reward for doing so. Factitious disorder imposed on another has the same symptoms
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| show | genuine memory loss, the beginning and end of the amnestic period are gradual/hazy,remember fragments of some events. In contrast, for people with feigned memory loss, the onset and termination of the amnestic period are often sudden. Test of men maling
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| Malingering tests | show 🗑
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| Suspect malingering | show 🗑
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