CJ Final
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| There are approx ? courts of general jurisdiction in the U.S | 2000
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| If you are charged with a crime of armed robbery, your trial would take place in which type of court? | A court of general jurisdiction
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| Which state most recently created an inermediate appellate court? | Mississippi
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| Generally, state appellate decisions are based on court transcripts, however, in some instances the felony court will grant a new trial, which is known as? | The trial de novo process
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| How many States currently have an intermediate appelate court in operation? | 39
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| Approx. how many drug courts are ub operation throughout the U.S.? | 1000
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| What is the state court of last resort generally called? | State Supreme Court
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| How many states have unified their trial courts into a singlel administrative system? | six
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| Criminal appeals represent ? percent of the total number of cases processed by the nations appellate courts? | 25
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| In the traditional model, the cout is seen as the setting of an adversarial procedure | True
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| Is is possible for a lower crminal court to sentence a defendant to five years in prison | False
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| Most courts of limitedf jurisdiction are organized along town, municipal and county lines of government | False
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| The legal basis for the current feederal court system was created by president Franklin Roosevelt | false
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| a law degree is mandatory for all judges | False
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| To be a judge, a canidate typically cannot be over the age of seventy | True
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| Part-Time judges are usually practicing attounreys who volunteer their services for free | True
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| The ? are the trial courts of the federal sypstem | U.S. district courts
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| The ? is known as the nation's court of last resort | U.S. Supreme court
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| The supreme courtisses a ? indicating that it has decided to hear a case | writ of certioran
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| Providing more jedges, diversion programs and bail reform are solutions for the problem of? | court congestion
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| The three-part judicial selection method of nomination,appointment and confirmation election is known as the ? | missouri plan
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| There are approx ? state court prosecutors' offices employing over 79,000 attourneys in the U.S. | 2300
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| Which of the following is not one of the duties of a procecutor? | Maintain adminitrative control over grand jury proceedings
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| The prosecutor's title, such as district attorney or U.S. attorney depends on? | The level of government and the jurisdiction they serve
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| The term community prosecution refers to? | A prosecutorial philosophy that emphasizes community support and cooperation
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| The view that prosecuting minor crimes would represent a waste of time is an example of the ? factors that influence prosecutorial dicretion | System
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| A formal written document identifying the criminal charge, the date adn place where the crime occured, and the circumstances of the arrest is known as the? | Complaint
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| Which of the following pretrial release mechanisms occurs at the earlest point in the criminal justice process? | A field citation release
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| What is another term for an indictment issued by a grand jury? | True Bill
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| "District attorney" is usually the title given to the chief prosecutor for a county. | True
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| It is very difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of community prosecuiion | True
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| Public interest groups, suchas gun control advocates, rarely target prosecutors in their lobbying efforts | False
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| Conviction rates for indigent defendants and those with their own lawyears are about the same in federal and state courts | True
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| Plea Bargaining is rare in the American Justice System | False
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| When a defendant enters a guilty please, he/she mus afmit to all elements of the crime in question | True
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| Release on recognizance required a money deposit as in the bail system | False
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| Virtually all large jurisdictions have pretrial release programs | True
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| Diversion Programs allow a defendant to enter treatment instead of trial | True
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| The ethical duties of the prosecutor and defense attorney are outlines in the American Bar Assocatons ? | Model code for professionl responsibility
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| Prosecutional ? describes the decision a prosecutor makes in whether or not to prosecute a case | Discretion
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| A ? is a counter part to the prosecutor in the criminal process | Defense attorney
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| Durng the process of ? defedants are released on their word that they will return to court | release of recogizance
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| A ? is the name given to the report of a grand jury investigation | presentment
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| What common-law practice allowed judges to suspend punishment so that convicted offenders could seek a pardon, gather new evidence or demonstrate that they had reformed their behavior | Judicial reprieve
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| People who made themselves responsible for the behavior of the offender after release from common law court in the middle ages were known as? | Sureties
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| When did the federal government establish a probation system for the U.S. district courts? | 1925
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| What happends when probation is revoked? | The probation contract and the original sentence is imposed
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| Who supervises hiring and sertermines training needs in the typical probation department? | The chief probation officer
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| The first English penal institutions operated under the ? system | Fee
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| English penal institutions built in the tenth century were used to ? | hold pretrial detainees and those waiting for thier sentence to be carried out
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| What was the name of the British prison reformer and sherriff who wrote the state of prisons and was influential in creating humane standards in the british penal system? | John Howard
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| The Pennsylvania system inspired the creation of similar prisons in | New Jersey
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| Probation typically involves the suspension of an offenders sentence in exchange for a promise of good behavior in the community | True
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| Judges are generally granted to tailor the restrictions of a probation sentence to fit what they deem to be the needs of the individual offender | True
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| The probation officer has little to say in the planning of a probationers treatment program | False
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| Restitution ranks below probation on the punishment ladder | Falso
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| The modern American correctional system had its origins in New York | False
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| The Quakers pressured the state legislature to improve condintions in the prisons in Pennsylvania | True
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| Rehabilitation has come to replace incapacitation as the guiding philosophy in modern prisons | False
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| Restorative Justice seeks to inclue all parties-offender, victim and communitiy in the justice process | True
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| During the Middle Ages ? were individuals who made themselves responsible for ofenders on probation or reprive release | Sureties
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| A ? is a sentence of incarceration that is not carried out unless the offender disobeys the rules of probation while in the community | suspended sentence
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| Programs such as fines and foreiture are examples of ? santions | intermediate
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| The Peniteniary house was a central feature of the early ? prison system | Pennsylvania
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| Thomas Mott Osborne was an early 20th century prison reformer who led the ? League | Mutual Welfare
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| ? are facilities that hold both people that are guilty of crime and those hwo are awaiting trial | Jails
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| a ? prison houses mainly white collar adn other nonviolent offenders | minimun security
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| The U.S. Corrections corporation opened the first ? in 1986 | private state
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| The fact that prisons have inmates who are prevented from leaving, forced to obey rules, and under constant scrutiny characterizes them as? | Total institutions
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| What factor is said to have precipitated the "new" inmate culture? | The Black Power movement of the 1960s and 1970s
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| What is the most common outcome for children of a single mother when the mother is sent to prison? | They are placed in the care of a relative or family friend.
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| Which of the following does not account for the limited rehabilitative treatment available in prison? | The philosophy of greater eligibility
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| Which seventeenth-century English laws provided for the appointment of overseers to indenture destitute or neglected children? | Poor laws
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| What was the burden of proof for verdicts handed down by the juvenile court? | Preponderance of the evidence
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| What impact did the Supreme Court have on the juvenile justice system in the 1960s and 1970s? | It radically altered the juvenile justice system through rulings that established due process rights for juveniles comparable to those of defendants in the adult criminal justice system
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| . Which type of case is most likely to be referred to the juvenile court by police? | Cases involving violence
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| What is the most common form of juvenile correction? | Release to parental custody
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| Inmates must learn to adopt a lifestyle that shields them from victimization while in prison. | True
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| An inmate who asks a guard for help is called a punk. | False
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| Mail to inmates may be censored or destroyed. | True
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| Research has shown that heterosexual male inmates often turn to homosexual sex in prison. | True
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| The child-savers movement was made up of middle-class civic leaders who helped poor children. | True
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| Charles Loring Brace was the philanthropist who developed the Children's Aid Society. | True
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| The efforts of the child savers prompted the development of the first comprehensive juvenile court in 1899. | True
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| Early reform schools sought to rehabilitate juvenile offenders. | False
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| Acts such as truancy and running away from home are considered status offenses | True
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| Given its designed segregation and surveillance, the modern prison is a model of a? | Total institution
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| Clemmer coined the term ____________________ process to refer to an inmate's adjustment to prison life. | prisionization
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| Female inmates often form groups called ____________________ to cope with prison life. | make believe families
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| Prison treatment programs in which inmates leave the institution to work in the community are known as work release or ____________________ programs. | furlough
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| The ____________________ were middle-class civic leaders who influenced state and local governments to create institutions called reform schools. | child savers
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| The term "agree to a(n) ____________________" is used in place of "admitting guilt" when plea bargaining juvenile cases. | finding
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| A juvenile trial is also called a(n) ____________________ hearing | fact-finding
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| The ? Amerndment gaurentees the defendant the right to a jury trial? | 6th
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| In what case sis the Court rule that all defendant in felony cases have the right to a jury trial? | Duncan vs. Lousiana
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| What is the minimum number of jury members allowed in a criminal trial as determined by the Supreme Court in Williams v. Florida? | 6
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| Which of the following rules applies to a six-person jury in a serious felony case? | Their verdict must be unanimous
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| What was the most common state administered punishment in ealry Greece and Roman civilizations? | Banishment
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| What term was adopted un the 12th century to refer to a breach of faith with one's fuedal lord? | Felonia
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| What was the final fate in convicts to North America or Australia once their period of pervice was completed in the colonies? | There were granted pardons to gain theri freedom
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| Sentencing for the purpose of gerneral detterence has most to do with ? | Affecting the perception of the general public
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| What is another term that retributin advocated use to describe the concept of blameworthiness? | Just deserts
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| A six person jury is not allowed in a death penalty case | True
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| A person does not ave the right to counsel at trial in a misdemeanor case | False
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| Any person who is currently in jail on the basis of a probation violaton who did not have leagal counsel representation at trial is being held unconstitutionally | True
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| Criminal trails permit three different types of verdicts | False
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| In a criminal case,a preponderance of the evidence is sometimes enough to convict | False
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| The beginning of the Enlightenment brought about the end of transporting criminals to America | False
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| A sentencing target of eight to twenty-five years in prison is an example of a determinate sentence | False
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| More than two thirds of all convicted felons are sentenced to time behind bars | True
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| Over 100 countries actively utilize the death penalty | False
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| The ? also known as the jury array, is the initial list of people chosen for jury duty | Venire
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| A weapon or photography is an example of a pieve of ? evidence | real
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| A motion entered by the defense attorney for a ? verdict is a request for the judge to order the jury to return a verdict of not guilty | Directed
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| The ? goal of punishment is centered on the idea that the offender should compensate the victim and society for the crime | Equity
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| Supporters of the death penalty argue that capital punishment conforms to the requirement that the punishment be ? to the crime | proportional to the crime
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| Opponents of the death penalty argue that the ? effect of the death penalty may produce more violence | brutalization
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