Anaerobic Glycolysis
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| The ratio of what molecule determines the fate of pyruvate in the cell? | NADH/NAD+
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| How many electrons do NADH and FADH2 each carry? | 2 electrons
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| What vitamin do we eat to supply our bodies with NAD+? | Niacin = Vitamin B3
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| What vitamin do we eat to supply our bodies with FAD? | Riboflavin = Vitamin B2
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| When converting pyruvate to lactate is 2 NADH or 2 NAD+ generated? | 2 NAD+
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| What happens to the concentration of NADH if oxygen concentration is low? | NADH builds up in the cell because it can not donate its protons
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| What happens to the NAD+ formed when pyruvate is converted lactate? | It is used in glycolysis
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| Which tissues are capable of anaerobic glycolysis and produce lactate? | Red blood cells, muscles, liver, brain, and adipose
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| What is the purpose of making lactate? | Reduction of pyruvate to lactate produces 2 NAD+ molecules that are used to keep glycolysis going under anaerobic conditions
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| What enzyme catalyzes the reaction from pyruvate to lactate? | Lactate dehydrogenase
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| In yeast, is lactate formed from pyruvate? | No. Yeast ferments glucose to ethanol and CO2.
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| In fermentation, does conversion of acetylaldehyde to ethanol produce 2 NAD+ or 2 NADH? | 2 NAD+
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| In fermentation, what happens to the 2 NAD+ generated during the production of ethanol? | Reduction of acetylaldehyde to ethanol produces 2 NAD+ molecules that are used to keep glycolysis going under anaerobic conditions
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| Can amino acids be used for energy in the absence of oxygen? | No. Amino acids are ultimately converted to Acetyl-CoA, which can not be used in the krebs cycle in anaerobic conditions
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| Can fatty acids be used for energy in the absence of oxygen? | No. Fatty acids are converted to Acetyl-CoA which can't be used in the krebs cycle in anaerobic conditions
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| Which tissues can use the lactate taken up from the blood as a carbon source in aerobic conditions? | Muscle, liver, brain, and red blood cells
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| Draw lactic acid | CH3-OH-CH-COOH
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| What happens to the pH of the surrounding solution if lactic acid is increased? | pH decreases: the solution ibecomes more acidic
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| Is PFK-1 positively or negatively regulated by low pH? | PFK-1 is negatively regulated by high H+(low pH)
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