All key terms and key studies from Memory - AQA Psych
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| show | Used a serial recall task to determine STM capacity and found that most people could remember between 5-9 items (magic number 7)
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| show | Found that 90% of participants could remember a 3-consonant trigram after 3 seconds, but only 2% could recall it after 18 seconds
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| Bahrick | show 🗑
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| Baddeley | show 🗑
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| show | Discovered the Serial Position Effect, where people are more likely to remember words at the beginning (primacy effect) and end (recency effect) of a list
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| show | Had a motorcycle accident and afterwards had a normal visual STM capacity, but an abnormally low verbal STM capacity
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| show | Had his hippocampus removed and afterwards was unable to form new declarative memories (episodic and semantic), but able to form new procedural memories
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| show | Dual task technique. Found that we can do visual and verbal tasks simultaneously but not 2 visual tasks.
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| show | Participants who memorised one list could recall 70% of it the next day, but if they memorised 10+ lists they only recalled 20%
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| show | Recall of nonsense syllables was worse for participants given a distraction task during the retention interval
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| Godden & Baddeley | show 🗑
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| Goodwin et al | show 🗑
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| show | Altered the verb they used during questioning witnesses to a car crash. If using the word 'smashed', their speed estimates averaged 41mph, compared to 32mph for 'contacted'
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| show | Used leading questions on witnesses to a real life armed robbery. They found that in real life cases, leading questions did not affect memory.
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| Gabbert | show 🗑
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| show | Studied the Weapon Focus Effect. 33% of participants correctly identified a man if he was carrying a knife, but 47% recalled if he carried a pen
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| Christianson & Hubinette | show 🗑
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| show | Compared cognitive and standard interview. Cognitive was better (though it also led to more incorrect information being reported).
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| Capacity | show 🗑
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| show | A method of testing memory by asking participants to ask them to repeat information in order (usually a list of numbers)
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| Duration | show 🗑
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| show | The way in which information is changed in order to be stored in memory
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| show | The first store in the MSM. Picks up information from the senses for a very limited time
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| Short term memory | show 🗑
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| Long term memory | show 🗑
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| show | Repeating information over and over again to transfer from STM to LTM
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| show | When a memory disappears over time
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| Displacement | show 🗑
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| Retrieval | show 🗑
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| Central executive | show 🗑
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| show | A slave system of the WMM used for processing sounds and auditory information
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| Visuospatial sketchpad | show 🗑
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| show | The most recently added slave system of the WMM, responsible for integrating information to make sense for the LTM
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| Semantic memories | show 🗑
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| show | Memories of events
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| show | Memories of skills and processes
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| show | Memories that you have to consciously think about, including episodic and semantic
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| show | Memories that are unconscious, and do not need to be explicitly thought about, including procedural
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| show | An explanation for forgetting that claims information is lost due to confusion with other, similar information
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| show | When old information affects our ability to learn new information
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| Retroactive interference | show 🗑
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| Retrieval failure | show 🗑
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| Context-dependent forgetting | show 🗑
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| show | An explanation of why trying to recall something in a different mental state or emotion to when you learnt it is difficult
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| show | Incorrect information/ideas presented to a witness, usually after the event. Examples include leading questions and post-event discussion
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| Leading questions | show 🗑
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| show | The idea that your memory of an event can be affected by talking to people about it after the event, perhaps due to memory conformity
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| Anxiety | show 🗑
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| show | The theory that people tend to focus on threatening objects rather than faces
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| show | A technique for improving eye witness testimony
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| show | Asking the witness to recall every aspect of an event, even if it seems irrelevant
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| Change perspective | show 🗑
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| Change order | show 🗑
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| show | When the witness is asked to put themselves back in the same mental state they were in during an event
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