test on the lymphatic system
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Define asthma. List 5 possible common symptoms of asthma. | Asthma is chronic inflammation of the airways.5 possible symptoms are: wheezing, shortness of breath, tight chest, coughing, and a decrease in exercise tolerance.
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| Why is it difficult to diagnose asthma in small children? | It is difficult to diagnose in children because children don't always show the same types of symptoms that adults do, like wheezing, instead they will usually have a persistent cough, especially at night. they don't know how to explain their symptoms.
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| List four risk factors associated with asthma. List four triggers of an asthma attack. | Four factors associated with asthma are: allergies, a family history of asthma, smoke exposure, and exposure to pollution.Four triggers of an asthma attack are: allergens, exercise, smoke, and a change form a warm environment to a cold environment.
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| What are the two types of medications used to treat asthma? Explain each 1 | Controller medications are medications that are taken daily to control asthma and eventually reduce the symptoms by reducing the inflammation in the airways.
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| What are the two types of medications used to treat asthma? Explain each 2 | Rescue medications are medications are taken to relieve symptoms immediately but do not help with the inflammation.
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| List 5 goals a doctor has when treating a person for asthma | Preventing the symptoms
Reduce the use of emergency medications
Help maintain good lung function
Help maintain the patients normal activity and regular sleep.
Prevent attacks that cause hospital visits
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| What is allergic rhinitis? | Allergic rhinitis is hay fever which is the inflammation of the nasal passages that causes cold like symptoms.
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| Why did the doctor mention that he felt allergic rhinitis isn't often considered seriously enough? | The doctor mentioned that allergic rhinitis isn't often considered seriously enough because he explained that it causes people to miss work or to not get any work done while at work and also because it effects 1 in 7 people in the U.S.
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| List two examples of indoor allergens Describe one treatment for each. | Dust mites which can be treated by washing sheets and pillow cases in a warm wash cycle at least once a week.
Pet allergens can be treated by washing the pet or keeping it out of the home or at least the bedroom.
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| List two examples outdoor allergens. Describe one treatment for each. | Pollen allergens can be treated by taking a inter-nasal steroid and by avoiding going outside when there is a high pollen count.
Mold spore allergens can be treated by immunotherapy shots
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| What were the four possible treatments for allergic rhinitis? | The four possible treatments for allergic rhinitis are: antihistamines, corticosteroids, decongestants, and immunotherapy.
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| What is the most common cause of deaths related to a food allergy? | The most common cause of deaths related to a food allergy is anaphylaxis caused by accidental exposure to peanuts.
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| What are four signs/symptoms of an allergic reaction to a food? | Difficulty swallowing or breathing
Nausea or vomiting
Hives
Anaphylaxis
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| What pre-existing condition did most children who died of a reaction have? How can parents minimize deadly allergic reactions to a food? | The pre-existing condition that most children who died of a reaction had asthma
Parents can minimize deadly allergic reactions to a food by monitoring what their children eat and making sure the school knows about the allergy and how to deal with it.
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| Why is school such a fearful place for parents of children with food allergies? | School is a fearful place for parents of children with food allergies because it is the first place that they do not have control over what their child is eating.
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| List four recommendations by doctors to help make school a safer place for children with serious food allergies. | Sign a allergy policy with the school, Provide the school with an emergency action plan,Have emergency medicine available at all times and make sure multiple people in the school know how to administer it. Attend field trips
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| List and describe the two functions of the lymphatic system. | 1.Lymphatic vessels carry access fluid from interstitial spaces into the bloodstream
2. Allows us to live in a world full of organisms that can invade the body & cause infection
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| List the path of the flow of lymph (lymphatic pathway) from the lymphatic capillaries all the way to the venous system. | 1. Lymphatic capillaries
2. Lymphatic vessels to lymph nodes
3. lymph vessels Merge to form lymphatic trunks
4. Sent to collecting ducts(thoracic & right duct)
5. leads into the veins back into the heart back into the r. atrium
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| Describe the three ways that lymph is moved through the body. 1 | 1. Skeletal muscles- contract and compress lymphatic vessels and move the lymph inside lymphatic vessels
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| Describe the three ways that lymph is moved through the body. 2 | 2. Smooth muscles- contract in the walls of larger lymphatic trunks and compress the lymph inside forcing the fluid onward
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| Describe the three ways that lymph is moved through the body. 3 | 3. Breathing- creates a relatively low pressure in the thoracic cavity during inhalation and the diaphragm contracts to increase pressure in the abdominal cavity. Both squeeze lymph out of the abdominal cavity & into the thoracic vessels.
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| Describe the role of the lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen as organs of the lymphatic system. (lymph nodes) | 1. filter harmful substances from lymph
2. immune surveillance( keep an eye on immune system) provided by lymphocytes and macrophages
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| Describe the role of the lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen as organs of the lymphatic system. (thymus) | Makes T cells mature that leave the thymus and help with immunity
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| Describe the role of the lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen as organs of the lymphatic system. (spleen) | Filters the blood of cellular debris and destroy foreign particles
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| List and explain the three lines of defense of the body against infection. 1 | 1. Mechanical barriers- skin, hair and mucous membranes that line the ways of the respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems that prevent the entry of some infectious agents.
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| List and explain the three lines of defense of the body against infection. 2 | 2. Chemical barriers- enzymes in body fluids that provide a barrier
Fever- elevated body temp. that causes the liver and spleen to stop producing iron that some pathogens need
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| List and explain the three lines of defense of the body against infection. 2 | inflammation- tissue response to injury or infection(redness, swelling, heat,) redness(dilation of blood vessels, increase blood volume in infection) swell( increased permeability of capillaries) heat(blood comes from deeper parts) pain(stim. receptors)
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| List and explain the three lines of defense of the body against infection. 2 | Pahagocytosis- when neutrophils engulf and digest smaller particles and macrophages engulf and digest larger particles.
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| List and explain the three lines of defense of the body against infection 3 | 3.Immunity( adaptive defense)- resistance to particular pathogens or other toxins or metabolic by-
products
T-cells- interact directly with foreign substances(cell-to-cell)
B-cells- release chemicals to breakdown infections, produce antibodies(humoral)
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| Describe the difference between innate and adaptive defense. | 1.Innate-mechanisms that are general and protect against many types of pathogens
2. Adaptive(specific)- precise and target certain pathogens.
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