the eye, color/brightness, v1 & lgn, object recognition
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| accommodation | the process by which the eye's lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina
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| achromatopsia | An inability to perceive colors that is caused by damage to the central nervous system.
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| adaptation | (physiology) the responsive adjustment of a sense organ (as the eye) to varying conditions (as of light)
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| agnosia | failure to recognize or identify objects despite intact sensory function
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| amacrine cells | contact bipolar and ganglion cells
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| amblyopia | lazy eye
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| anomia | inability to name objects or to recognize written or spoken names of objects
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| aqueous humor | watery liquid secreted at the ciliary body that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye and provides nourishment for the cornea, iris, and lens (humor = fluid)
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| astigmatism | (ophthalmology) impaired eyesight resulting usually from irregular conformation of the cornea, impairing proper focus
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| basic categorization | largest class of which we can form a fairly concrete image (ie chair, ball)
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| bipolar cells | eye neurons that receive information from the retinal cells and distribute information to the ganglion cells of the optic nerve
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| blind spot | the point where the optic nerve enters the retina
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| brightness | intensity of reflected light that reaches our eyes
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| cataract | clouding of the natural lens of the eye
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| categorization | the act of distributing things into classes or categories of the same type
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| ciliary muscle | the tissue and muscle that surrounds the lens of the eye. it controls the shape of the lens.
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| color anomalous | color blind
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| complex cells | orientation selective, spatially homogenous receptive fields, mostly binocular, length summation
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| compression (intensity) | cells respond more to changes than to maintained levels
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| compression (resolution) | encoding information while reducing the bandwidth or bits required, leading to a loss in peripheral resolution.
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| cone | visual receptor cell sensitive to color, fine visual acuity and day light vision (s-cones, l-cones, m-cones)
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| cone monochromat | only one cone type, truly color blind
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| convergence | a binocular cue for perceiving depth; the extent to which the eyes converge inward when looking at an object
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| cornea | transparent anterior portion of the outer covering of the eye
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| cortical magnification | the amount of cortical area that is devoted to a specific region for the the visual system
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| crystalline lens | Part of the eye which in addition to the cornea refracts light rays and focuses them on the retina
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| deuteranope | an individual who suffers from color blindness that is due to the absence of M-cones
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| diffuse bipolar cells | retinal bipolar cells whose processes are spread out to receive input from multiple cones. Project to M ganglion cells
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| eccentricity | the distance between the retinal image and the fovea.
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| emmetropia | normal vision
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| fovea | area consisting of a small depression in the retina containing cones and where vision is most acute
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| ganglion cells | the specialized cells which lie behind the bipolar cells whose axons form the optic nerve which takes the information to the brain
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