PTAS 203 Review Guide Exam 3
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Atria | Receiving chambers of heart
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| Ventricules | Distributing chambers of heart
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| Systole | Contraction of both atria and then ventricules
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| Diastole | Relaxation of atria and ventricules
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| Ischemia | Oxygen deprivation to tissues
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| Angina Pectoris | Insufficient oxygen to heart causing chest pain
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| MI | Myocardial cell death following blood supply cessation to heart
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| Arrhythmia | Loss of normal heart rhythm
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| Arteriosclerosis | Artery walls that have begun to thicken and lose elasticity
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| Arthrosclerosis | Most common form of arteriosclerosis where artery walls have deposits of fat
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| CABG | Coronary artery bypass graft
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| CHF | Congestive heart failure; heart can not pump enough blood to meet body's demand
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| Cor Pulmonale | Right ventricular failure associated with pulmonary diagnosis
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| Myocardial stenosis | Narrowing of heart valves
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| Tetralogy of Fallot | Congenital heart defect where there is a septal defect
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| PVD | Peripheral vascular disease where circulatory system outside of the heart is affected
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| Intermittent claudication | Pain in LEs that occurs with activity
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| Thromboangiitis Obliterans | Chronic form of occlusive arterial disease that occurs in young male smokers
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| Pallor | Paleness or absence of color in skin
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| Arterial embolism | Cardiac emboli that moves
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| Arterial thrombi | Blood clot
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| Raynaud's phenomenon | Arterial spasm caused by cold exposure secondary to scleroderma, thoracic outlet
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| Phlebitis | Inflammation of veins
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| Thrombophlebitis | Phlebitis with blood clot
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| Homan's disease | Patient has pain when gastroc is squeezed with dorsiflexion
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| Lymphedema | Excessive accumulation in tissues due to lymph channel disruption
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| Gangrene | Necrosis or tissue death
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| Syme's amputation | Ankle disarticulation amputation
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| Hemicorpectomy | Amputation of both legs and pelvis
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| Unna boot | Semirigid dressing
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| Anemia | Reduction of red blood cells or hemoglobin
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| Hemophilia | Hereditary bleeding disorder caused by lack of clotting factor
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| Raynaud's Disease | Benign vasospastic condition of fingers, hands or feet caused by cold exposure or stress
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| CVA | Cerebral Vascular Accident or stroke
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| Aneurysm | Weakening of arterial vessel wall
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| Hemianopsia | Loss of visual field on each half of eyes
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| Agnosia | Loss of ability to understand or interpret auditory, visual or other forms of sensory information even though the respective sensory organs are functioning properly
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| Hypotonia | Low tone
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| Hypertonia | High tone
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| Synergy | Stereotypical, primitive movement patterns with spasticity (flexion, extension); limbs tend to move mass movement patterns and movements are not isolated.)
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| Associated reactions | Abnormal automatic responses of the involved limb resulting from action occurring from some other part of the body by reflex or voluntary stimulation (sneezing, stretching or yawning)
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| Souque's phenomenon | Finger extension with UE elevation
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| Raimiste's phenomenon | Affected side will abduct when abduction is resisted on unaffected side
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| Apraxia | Loss or impairment of the ability to perform coordinated movements especially impairment of the ability to use common objects for their intended purpose
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| Dysphasia/aphasia | Loss or impairment of the ability to communicate through speech, writing or signs due to dysfunction of brain centers
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| Fluent aphasia | Wernicke's Aphasia or receptive aphasia in which oral and written comprehension is poor but speech production is somewhat fluent
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| Nonfluent aphasia | Broca's Aphasia or expressive aphasia in which oral and written comprehension is good but speech is nonfluent or limited to a word or two at a time
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| Global aphasia | severe aphasia characterized by marked impairments of both production and comprehension of language
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| Dysarthria | Difficulty with articulation
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| Dysphagia | Difficulty with swallowing
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| Confabulation | Filling memory gaps with inappropriate words or fabricated stories
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| Pusher's syndrome | patient leans his/her strong side to the hemiplegic side which interferes with mobility
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| Perservation | continued repetition of words, thoughts or acts not related to current context
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| TIA | Transischemic attack; temporary episode of impaired neurological activity that usually resolves in 24 hours
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| Tetra(quadri)plegia | 4 limb involvement
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| Paraplegia | LE involvement
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| Brown-sequard syndrome | SCI with assymetrical symptoms caused by stab wound
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| Anerior cord syndrome | Flexion injuries to cervical area with loss of motor function with pain, proprioception and kinesthesia intact
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| Central cord syndrome | Hyperextension injury with more UE involvement than LE involvement
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| Posterior cord syndrome | Very rare with loss of proprioception below level of injury
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| Sacral sparing | Patient retains sensation in perianal area and has toe flexors
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| Cauda equina injury | Incomplete SCI where there is some recovery
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| Spinal shock | Loss of all sensation and reflex activity below the level of lesion that occurs about 24 hours after injury
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| Autonomic dysreflexia | Pathological autonomic reflex seen in patients with lesions above T-6. It is precipitated by noxious stimuli below the level of injury and produces an acute onset of autonomic activity. It is an EMERGENCY!
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| Postural hypotension | A decrease in blood pressure when moving supine to sit; this is more common in cervical and thoracic lesions.
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| Glasgow Coma Scale | documents the level of consciousness and defines the severity of injury
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| Rancho Los Amigos Level of Cognitive functioning | outlines a predictable sequence of cognitive and behavioral recovery
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| Concussion | Temporary loss of consciousness
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| Carpal tunnel | Compression of median nerve
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| Bell's palsy | Injury of 7th or Facial nerve
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| Thoracic outlet | Brachial plexus compression
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| Foot drop | Compression of peronneal nerve
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| Saturday night palsy | Compression of radial nerve
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| Wrist drop | Compression of radial nerve
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| Ape hand | Compression of ulnar nerve
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| Parkinson's disease | Progressive muscle rigidity and involuntary tremors caused by degeneration of substantia nigra and cells of basal ganglia; there are low levels of dopamine
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| Cog-wheel rigidity | jerky, rachet-like response to passive movement as muscles alternately tense and relax
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| Lead piple rigidity | constant, uniform resistance to passive movement
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| Bradykinesia | slowness and difficulty maintaining movement
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| Hypokinesia | reduction in speed, range and amplitude of movement
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| Micrographia | abnormally small handwriting that is difficult to read
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| AlS | Disease of motor neurons that results in muscular atrophy and weakness
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| Guillain-Barre | Acute rapidly ascending paralysis of spinal nerves
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| Huntington's chorea | Hereditary degenerative disease of the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia characterized by uncontrolled involuntary movements
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| Alzheimer's disease | • Alzheimer’s disease is a type of chronic organic brain syndrome characterized by the death of neurons in the cerebral cortex and their replacement of microscopic “plaques” resulting in progressive intellectual impairment
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| Epilepsy | Epilepsy is a chronic brain disorder characterized by recurring attacks of abnormal sensory, motor and psychological activity
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| Alcohol abuse | Alcohol abuse is a disorder of physical and psychological dependence on daily or regular excessive intake of alcoholic beverages
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| Post-polio syndrome | Poliomyelitis is a viral infection of the anterior horn cells of the gray matter of the spinal cord and a selective destruction of the motor neurons. Post-polio syndrome occurs later in life in persons who have previously experienced the disease
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| Reflex sympathetic dystrophy | RSD is a sympathetic vasomotor disorder caused by prolonged immobilization of the shoulder or hand. RSD can also occur in the foot.
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| Anaplastic | When tumor no longer resembles parent tissue
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| Dyplasia | General category indicating cell changes in size, shape or organization
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| Metaplasia | First level of dysplasia that is benign and reversible
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| Hyperplasia | Increased cell numbers in tissue
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| TNM | Method of staging tumors that looks at size of tumor, lymph node involvement and presence/absence of metastases
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| Leukemia | Progressive, malignant disease of blood forming organs
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| Hodkin's Disease | Malignant neoplasm of lymphatic system
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