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PTAS 203 Exam 3
PTAS 203 Review Guide Exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Atria | Receiving chambers of heart |
| Ventricules | Distributing chambers of heart |
| Systole | Contraction of both atria and then ventricules |
| Diastole | Relaxation of atria and ventricules |
| Ischemia | Oxygen deprivation to tissues |
| Angina Pectoris | Insufficient oxygen to heart causing chest pain |
| MI | Myocardial cell death following blood supply cessation to heart |
| Arrhythmia | Loss of normal heart rhythm |
| Arteriosclerosis | Artery walls that have begun to thicken and lose elasticity |
| Arthrosclerosis | Most common form of arteriosclerosis where artery walls have deposits of fat |
| CABG | Coronary artery bypass graft |
| CHF | Congestive heart failure; heart can not pump enough blood to meet body's demand |
| Cor Pulmonale | Right ventricular failure associated with pulmonary diagnosis |
| Myocardial stenosis | Narrowing of heart valves |
| Tetralogy of Fallot | Congenital heart defect where there is a septal defect |
| PVD | Peripheral vascular disease where circulatory system outside of the heart is affected |
| Intermittent claudication | Pain in LEs that occurs with activity |
| Thromboangiitis Obliterans | Chronic form of occlusive arterial disease that occurs in young male smokers |
| Pallor | Paleness or absence of color in skin |
| Arterial embolism | Cardiac emboli that moves |
| Arterial thrombi | Blood clot |
| Raynaud's phenomenon | Arterial spasm caused by cold exposure secondary to scleroderma, thoracic outlet |
| Phlebitis | Inflammation of veins |
| Thrombophlebitis | Phlebitis with blood clot |
| Homan's disease | Patient has pain when gastroc is squeezed with dorsiflexion |
| Lymphedema | Excessive accumulation in tissues due to lymph channel disruption |
| Gangrene | Necrosis or tissue death |
| Syme's amputation | Ankle disarticulation amputation |
| Hemicorpectomy | Amputation of both legs and pelvis |
| Unna boot | Semirigid dressing |
| Anemia | Reduction of red blood cells or hemoglobin |
| Hemophilia | Hereditary bleeding disorder caused by lack of clotting factor |
| Raynaud's Disease | Benign vasospastic condition of fingers, hands or feet caused by cold exposure or stress |
| CVA | Cerebral Vascular Accident or stroke |
| Aneurysm | Weakening of arterial vessel wall |
| Hemianopsia | Loss of visual field on each half of eyes |
| Agnosia | Loss of ability to understand or interpret auditory, visual or other forms of sensory information even though the respective sensory organs are functioning properly |
| Hypotonia | Low tone |
| Hypertonia | High tone |
| Synergy | Stereotypical, primitive movement patterns with spasticity (flexion, extension); limbs tend to move mass movement patterns and movements are not isolated.) |
| Associated reactions | Abnormal automatic responses of the involved limb resulting from action occurring from some other part of the body by reflex or voluntary stimulation (sneezing, stretching or yawning) |
| Souque's phenomenon | Finger extension with UE elevation |
| Raimiste's phenomenon | Affected side will abduct when abduction is resisted on unaffected side |
| Apraxia | Loss or impairment of the ability to perform coordinated movements especially impairment of the ability to use common objects for their intended purpose |
| Dysphasia/aphasia | Loss or impairment of the ability to communicate through speech, writing or signs due to dysfunction of brain centers |
| Fluent aphasia | Wernicke's Aphasia or receptive aphasia in which oral and written comprehension is poor but speech production is somewhat fluent |
| Nonfluent aphasia | Broca's Aphasia or expressive aphasia in which oral and written comprehension is good but speech is nonfluent or limited to a word or two at a time |
| Global aphasia | severe aphasia characterized by marked impairments of both production and comprehension of language |
| Dysarthria | Difficulty with articulation |
| Dysphagia | Difficulty with swallowing |
| Confabulation | Filling memory gaps with inappropriate words or fabricated stories |
| Pusher's syndrome | patient leans his/her strong side to the hemiplegic side which interferes with mobility |
| Perservation | continued repetition of words, thoughts or acts not related to current context |
| TIA | Transischemic attack; temporary episode of impaired neurological activity that usually resolves in 24 hours |
| Tetra(quadri)plegia | 4 limb involvement |
| Paraplegia | LE involvement |
| Brown-sequard syndrome | SCI with assymetrical symptoms caused by stab wound |
| Anerior cord syndrome | Flexion injuries to cervical area with loss of motor function with pain, proprioception and kinesthesia intact |
| Central cord syndrome | Hyperextension injury with more UE involvement than LE involvement |
| Posterior cord syndrome | Very rare with loss of proprioception below level of injury |
| Sacral sparing | Patient retains sensation in perianal area and has toe flexors |
| Cauda equina injury | Incomplete SCI where there is some recovery |
| Spinal shock | Loss of all sensation and reflex activity below the level of lesion that occurs about 24 hours after injury |
| Autonomic dysreflexia | Pathological autonomic reflex seen in patients with lesions above T-6. It is precipitated by noxious stimuli below the level of injury and produces an acute onset of autonomic activity. It is an EMERGENCY! |
| Postural hypotension | A decrease in blood pressure when moving supine to sit; this is more common in cervical and thoracic lesions. |
| Glasgow Coma Scale | documents the level of consciousness and defines the severity of injury |
| Rancho Los Amigos Level of Cognitive functioning | outlines a predictable sequence of cognitive and behavioral recovery |
| Concussion | Temporary loss of consciousness |
| Carpal tunnel | Compression of median nerve |
| Bell's palsy | Injury of 7th or Facial nerve |
| Thoracic outlet | Brachial plexus compression |
| Foot drop | Compression of peronneal nerve |
| Saturday night palsy | Compression of radial nerve |
| Wrist drop | Compression of radial nerve |
| Ape hand | Compression of ulnar nerve |
| Parkinson's disease | Progressive muscle rigidity and involuntary tremors caused by degeneration of substantia nigra and cells of basal ganglia; there are low levels of dopamine |
| Cog-wheel rigidity | jerky, rachet-like response to passive movement as muscles alternately tense and relax |
| Lead piple rigidity | constant, uniform resistance to passive movement |
| Bradykinesia | slowness and difficulty maintaining movement |
| Hypokinesia | reduction in speed, range and amplitude of movement |
| Micrographia | abnormally small handwriting that is difficult to read |
| AlS | Disease of motor neurons that results in muscular atrophy and weakness |
| Guillain-Barre | Acute rapidly ascending paralysis of spinal nerves |
| Huntington's chorea | Hereditary degenerative disease of the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia characterized by uncontrolled involuntary movements |
| Alzheimer's disease | • Alzheimer’s disease is a type of chronic organic brain syndrome characterized by the death of neurons in the cerebral cortex and their replacement of microscopic “plaques” resulting in progressive intellectual impairment |
| Epilepsy | Epilepsy is a chronic brain disorder characterized by recurring attacks of abnormal sensory, motor and psychological activity |
| Alcohol abuse | Alcohol abuse is a disorder of physical and psychological dependence on daily or regular excessive intake of alcoholic beverages |
| Post-polio syndrome | Poliomyelitis is a viral infection of the anterior horn cells of the gray matter of the spinal cord and a selective destruction of the motor neurons. Post-polio syndrome occurs later in life in persons who have previously experienced the disease |
| Reflex sympathetic dystrophy | RSD is a sympathetic vasomotor disorder caused by prolonged immobilization of the shoulder or hand. RSD can also occur in the foot. |
| Anaplastic | When tumor no longer resembles parent tissue |
| Dyplasia | General category indicating cell changes in size, shape or organization |
| Metaplasia | First level of dysplasia that is benign and reversible |
| Hyperplasia | Increased cell numbers in tissue |
| TNM | Method of staging tumors that looks at size of tumor, lymph node involvement and presence/absence of metastases |
| Leukemia | Progressive, malignant disease of blood forming organs |
| Hodkin's Disease | Malignant neoplasm of lymphatic system |
Created by:
woblevalenski
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