Musculoskeletal PT (IER Chapter 1)
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| First Class Lever System | The fulcrum/axis is located between the force & resistance. Designed for balance. Ex: triceps for elbow extension; a playground seesaw
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| Second Class Lever System | Axis at one end, resistance in middle, force at the other end. Designed for power. Ex: closed-chain plantar flexion, a wheelbarrow
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| Third Class Lever System | Axis at one end, force in the middle, resistance at the other end. Designed for ROM. EX: biceps for elbow flexion
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| Arthrokinematic motions | "Movement between joint surfaces." Roll, Slide/Glide, and Spin
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| Convex-Concave Rule | When a convex is moving on a fixed concave surface, the convex surface moves opposite. When a concave surface moves on a fixed convex, the concave surface moves in the same direction.
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| Elbow's (humeroulnar) Loose-Packed Position | 70 deg flexion & 10 deg supination
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| Elbow's (humeroradial) Loose-Packed Position | Full extension & supination
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| Proximal Radioulnar Loose-Packed Position | 70 deg flexion & 35 deg supination
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| Distal Radioulnar Loose-Packed Position | 10 deg supination
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| Hip Loose-Packed Position | 30 deg flexion, 30 deg abduction & slight lateral rotation
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| Knee Loose-Packed Position | 25 deg flexion
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| Talocrural Loose-Packed Position | Mid inversion/eversion & 10 deg plantar flexion
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| Subtalar & Mid-tarsal Loose-Packed Position | Midway between extremes of ROM with 10 deg plantar flexion
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| Elbow's (humeroulnar) Close-Packed Position | Full extension & supination
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| Elbow's (humeroradial) Close-Packed Position | 90 flexion & 5 deg supination
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| Proximal Radioulnar Close-Packed Position | 5 deg supination & full extension
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| Distal Radioulnar Close-Packed Position | 5 deg supination
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| Hip Close-Packed Position | Ligamentous: full extension, abduction & internal rotation. Bony: 90 deg flexion, slight abduction & slight external rotation
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| Knee Close-Packed Position | Full extension & external rotation
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| Talocrural Close-Packed Position | Full dorsiflexion
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| Subtalar Close-Packed Position | Full inversion
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| Normal end feels | Soft, firm, hard
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| Pathological end feels | Boggy, firm, rubbery, empty, hypermobile
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| Glenohumeral Capsular Pattern | Greater limitation of external rotation, followed by abduction and internal rotation
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| Elbow Capsular Pattern | Loss of flexion > extension
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| All forearm joints Capsular Pattern | Equally restricted in pronation & supination
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| Hip Capsular Pattern | Limited flexion/internal rotation, some limitation of abduction, little or no limitation of adduction or external rotation.
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| Talocrural Capsular Pattern | Loss of plantar flexion > dorsiflexion
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| Accessory Joint Motion Grading | Akylosed (0), considerable hypomobility (1), Slight hypo (2), normal (3), slight hyper (4), considerable hyper (5), unsatable (6)
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| Elbow Biomechanics | Ulna pronates with extension & supinates with flexion. Proximal ulna glides medially during extension & laterally during flexion. (Screw home mechanism with flexion/extension)
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| Hip's Angle of Inclination | 115-125 deg
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| Coxa Valga | >125 deg
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| Coxa Vara | <115 deg
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| The femoral neck angles anteriorly 10-5 deg from frontal plane to form the anterior antetorsion angle. What are anteversion & retroversion? | Anteversion: >25 deg (if uncompensated would cause toeing in); Retroversion: <10 deg
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