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IER Chapter 1
Musculoskeletal PT (IER Chapter 1)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| First Class Lever System | The fulcrum/axis is located between the force & resistance. Designed for balance. Ex: triceps for elbow extension; a playground seesaw |
| Second Class Lever System | Axis at one end, resistance in middle, force at the other end. Designed for power. Ex: closed-chain plantar flexion, a wheelbarrow |
| Third Class Lever System | Axis at one end, force in the middle, resistance at the other end. Designed for ROM. EX: biceps for elbow flexion |
| Arthrokinematic motions | "Movement between joint surfaces." Roll, Slide/Glide, and Spin |
| Convex-Concave Rule | When a convex is moving on a fixed concave surface, the convex surface moves opposite. When a concave surface moves on a fixed convex, the concave surface moves in the same direction. |
| Elbow's (humeroulnar) Loose-Packed Position | 70 deg flexion & 10 deg supination |
| Elbow's (humeroradial) Loose-Packed Position | Full extension & supination |
| Proximal Radioulnar Loose-Packed Position | 70 deg flexion & 35 deg supination |
| Distal Radioulnar Loose-Packed Position | 10 deg supination |
| Hip Loose-Packed Position | 30 deg flexion, 30 deg abduction & slight lateral rotation |
| Knee Loose-Packed Position | 25 deg flexion |
| Talocrural Loose-Packed Position | Mid inversion/eversion & 10 deg plantar flexion |
| Subtalar & Mid-tarsal Loose-Packed Position | Midway between extremes of ROM with 10 deg plantar flexion |
| Elbow's (humeroulnar) Close-Packed Position | Full extension & supination |
| Elbow's (humeroradial) Close-Packed Position | 90 flexion & 5 deg supination |
| Proximal Radioulnar Close-Packed Position | 5 deg supination & full extension |
| Distal Radioulnar Close-Packed Position | 5 deg supination |
| Hip Close-Packed Position | Ligamentous: full extension, abduction & internal rotation. Bony: 90 deg flexion, slight abduction & slight external rotation |
| Knee Close-Packed Position | Full extension & external rotation |
| Talocrural Close-Packed Position | Full dorsiflexion |
| Subtalar Close-Packed Position | Full inversion |
| Normal end feels | Soft, firm, hard |
| Pathological end feels | Boggy, firm, rubbery, empty, hypermobile |
| Glenohumeral Capsular Pattern | Greater limitation of external rotation, followed by abduction and internal rotation |
| Elbow Capsular Pattern | Loss of flexion > extension |
| All forearm joints Capsular Pattern | Equally restricted in pronation & supination |
| Hip Capsular Pattern | Limited flexion/internal rotation, some limitation of abduction, little or no limitation of adduction or external rotation. |
| Talocrural Capsular Pattern | Loss of plantar flexion > dorsiflexion |
| Accessory Joint Motion Grading | Akylosed (0), considerable hypomobility (1), Slight hypo (2), normal (3), slight hyper (4), considerable hyper (5), unsatable (6) |
| Elbow Biomechanics | Ulna pronates with extension & supinates with flexion. Proximal ulna glides medially during extension & laterally during flexion. (Screw home mechanism with flexion/extension) |
| Hip's Angle of Inclination | 115-125 deg |
| Coxa Valga | >125 deg |
| Coxa Vara | <115 deg |
| The femoral neck angles anteriorly 10-5 deg from frontal plane to form the anterior antetorsion angle. What are anteversion & retroversion? | Anteversion: >25 deg (if uncompensated would cause toeing in); Retroversion: <10 deg |
Created by:
carsonwolf
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