astronomy final shelley
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Which of the following best explains why we can rule out the idea that planets are usually formed by near-collisions between stars? | show 🗑
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| According to our modern science, which of the following best explains why the vast majority of the mass of our solar system consists of hydrogen and helium gas? | show 🗑
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| show | The law of conservation of energy
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| show | The law of conservation of angular momentum
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| According to our present theory of solar system formation, which of the following best explains why the solar nebula ended up with a disk shape as it collapsed? | show 🗑
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| show | The temperatures at which various materials will condense from gaseous form to solid form.
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| show | The jovian planets began from planetesimals made only of ice, while the terrestrial planets began from planetesimals made only of rock and metal.
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| show | The meteorites appearance and composition is just what we'd expect if metal and rock condensed and accreted as our theory suggests.
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| According to present understanding, which of the following statements about the solar wind is not true? | show 🗑
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| According to our present theory of solar system formation, how did Earth end up with enough water to make oceans? | show 🗑
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| show | Oort cloud comets
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| What is the primary reason that astronomers suspect that some jovian moons were captured into their current orbits? | show 🗑
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| Which of the following is not a line of evidence supporting the hypothesis that our Moon formed as a result of a giant impact? | show 🗑
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| Why are terrestrial planets denser than jovian planets? | show 🗑
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| Suppose you find a rock that contains 10 micrograms of radioactive potassium-40,which has a half-life of 1.25 billion years.By measuring the amount of its decay product present in the rock,you conclude that there .How old is the rock? | show 🗑
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| How do scientists determine the age of the solar system? | show 🗑
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| show | There were very few planetary leftovers in this region, because most of the solid material was accreted by the terrestrial planets as the planets formed.
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| About 2% of our solar nebula consisted of elements besides hydrogen and helium. However Which of the following statements is most likely to have been true about these first-generation star systems? | show 🗑
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| show | our solar system formed from the collapse of an interstellar cloud of gas and dust
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| According to modern science, what was the approximate chemical composition of the solar nebula? | show 🗑
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| The terrestrial planets are made almost entirely of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium. According to modern science, where did these elements come from? | show 🗑
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| show | It got hotter, its rate of rotation increased, and it flattened into a disk.
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| show | hydrogen compounds
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| According to our present theory of solar system formation, which of the following lists the major ingredients of the solar nebula in order from the most abundant to the least abundant? | show 🗑
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| What do we mean by the frost line when we discuss the formation of planets in the solar nebula? | show 🗑
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| What do we mean by accretion in the context of planet formation? | show 🗑
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| show | Because only metal and rock could condense in the inner solar system, while ice also condensed in the outer solar system.
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| According to our basic scenario of solar system formation, why do the jovian planets have numerous large moons? | show 🗑
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| show | Leftover planetesimals that never accreted into planets
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| show | in the region of the jovian planets
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| What do we mean by the period of heavy bombardment in the context of the history of our solar system? | show 🗑
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| show | The Moon formed from material blasted out of the Earth's mantle and crust by the impact of a Mars-size object.
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| show | You'll have 0.25 kilogram of the radioactive substance remaining.
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| According to modern scientific dating techniques, approximately how old is the solar system? | show 🗑
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| The cores of the terrestrial worlds are made mostly of metal because ______. | show 🗑
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| show | The lithosphere is broken into a set of large plates that float upon the softer rock below.
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| show | Heat from radioactive decay
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| show | a large baked potato takes longer to cool than a small baked potato
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| Suppose we had a device that allowed us to see Earth's interior. If we looked at a typical region of the mantle, what would we see happening? | show 🗑
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| Recent evidence suggests that Mars once had a global magnetic field. Assuming this is true, which of the following could explain why Mars today lacks a global magnetic field like that of Earth? | show 🗑
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| show | Its rotation is too slow
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| show | It was created by the impact of an object about 1 kilometer across
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| Most of the Moon's surface is densely covered with craters, but we find relatively few craters within the lunar maria. What can we conclude? | show 🗑
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| show | its slow rotation
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| Which of the following best describes the geological histories of the Moon and Mercury? | show 🗑
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| show | The high surface temperature that has "baked out" all the liquid water from Venus's crust and mantle
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| show | Venus has relatively few impact craters and these craters are distributed fairly evenly over the entire planet
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| What are the two geological features that appear to set Earth apart from all the other terrestrial worlds? | show 🗑
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| show | Seafloor crust is younger than continental crust, so it has had less time in which to suffer impacts
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| show | Continental crust is made as the lowest-density seafloor crust melts and erupts to the surface near subduction zones.
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| Which two factors are most important to the existence of plate tectonics on Earth? | show 🗑
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| What's the fundamental reason that Mars, unlike the Earth, has become virtually geologically dead? | show 🗑
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| Based on all we know about the terrestrial worlds, what single factor appears to play the most important role in a terrestrial planet's geological destiny? | show 🗑
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| The choices below describe four hypothetical planets. Which one would you expect to have the hottest interior? | show 🗑
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| show | Size: same as the Moon. Distance from Sun: same as Mars. Rotation rate: once every 10 days
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| show | Size: same as Venus. Distance from Sun: same as Mars. Rotation rate: once every 25 hours
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| Suppose we use a baseball to represent Earth. On this scale, the other terrestrial worlds (Mercury, Venus, the Moon, and Mars) would range in size approximately from that of ______. | show 🗑
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| From center to surface, which of the following correctly lists the interior layers of a terrestrial world? | show 🗑
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| What do we mean when we say that the terrestrial worlds underwent differentiation? | show 🗑
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| show | a layer of relatively strong, rigid rock, encompassing the crust and part of the mantle
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| show | 1) Heat deposited as the planets were built from planetesimals; (2) heat deposited as the planets underwent differentiation; (3) heat released by radioactive decay
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| Which of the following is an example of convection? | show 🗑
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| What are the basic requirements for a terrestrial world to have a global magnetic field? | show 🗑
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| show | Charged particles or magnetized materials (such as iron).
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| show | impact cratering, volcanisms, tectonics, and erosion
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| Which of the following best describes the lunar maria? | show 🗑
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| In the context of planetary geology, what do we mean by outgassing? | show 🗑
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| Which of the following is not an example of tectonics? | show 🗑
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| show | It is the result of countless tiny impacts by small particles striking the Moon
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| What observational evidence supports the idea that Mercury once shrank by some 20 kilometers in radius? | show 🗑
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| show | a huge shield volcano on Mars
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| Which of the following does not provide evidence that Mars once had abundant liquid water on its surface? | show 🗑
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| show | a global "repaving" that erased essentially all the surface features that had existed earlier
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| On average, how fast do the plates move on the Earth? | show 🗑
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| show | Seafloor crust is thinner, younger, and higher in density.
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| show | A place where a seafloor plate is sliding under a continental plate
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| show | Hawaii
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| show | The sea level temperature depends primarily on the total amount of gas in our atmosphere
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| Suppose that Earth's ice caps melted, but everything else about the Earth's surface and atmosphere stayed the same. What would happen to Earth's average surface temperature? | show 🗑
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| Which of the following best describes how the greenhouse effect works? | show 🗑
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| show | Venus has a much stronger greenhouse effect than Earth.
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| Which of the following statements about Earth's troposphere is not generally true? | show 🗑
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| In very general terms, how do the temperature structures of the atmospheres of Venus and Mars differ from that of Earth? | show 🗑
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| show | No, because it lacks a global magnetic field.
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| All the following statements are true. Which one explains why convection can occur in the troposphere but not in the stratosphere? | show 🗑
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| show | Water going down a drain swirls in opposite directions in the northern and southern hemispheres
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| show | Because Venus rotates so slowly.
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| show | A gradual rise in the atmospheric content of oxygen.
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| show | Most of the gases that have been released from volcanoes on Earth later returned to the surface.
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| show | Because the Moon's gravity is so much weaker than Earth's.
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| show | Ice brought by comet impacts may be frozen in craters near the Moon's poles.
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| show | Mars lost any global magnetic field that it may once have had.
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| show | The atmosphere is too cold and thin for liquid water today, yet we see evidence of flowing water in the past.
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| show | Ultraviolet light split the water molecules, and the hydrogen then escaped to space.
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| show | Earth would suffer a runaway greenhouse effect and become as hot or hotter than Venus.
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| show | That it has lost a tremendous amount of water as a result of molecules being split by ultraviolet light and the hydrogen escaping to space.
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| show | Earth has just as much carbon dioxide as Venus, but most of it is locked up in carbonate rocks rather than being free in the atmosphere.
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| show | the existence of photosynthetic life
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| show | plate tectonics and liquid water oceans
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| show | Cooler temperatures lead to slower formation of carbonate minerals in the ocean, so carbon dioxide released by volcanism builds up in the atmosphere and strengthens the greenhouse effect
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| According to current science, why didn't oxygen begin to accumulate in the atmosphere for more than a billion years after life appeared on the Earth? | show 🗑
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| show | human activities that are increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere
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| Which of the following correctly lists the terrestrial worlds in order from the thickest atmosphere to the thinnest atmosphere? (Note: Mercury and the Moon are considered together in this question.) | show 🗑
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| show | Venus and Mars
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| show | about the thickness of a sheet of paper
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| Why does atmospheric pressure decrease as you go higher in altitude on Earth? | show 🗑
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| In the context of a planetary atmosphere, what is a bar? | show 🗑
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| Which of the following is the most basic definition of a greenhouse gas? | show 🗑
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| show | oxygen (O2)
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| Suppose that Earth's atmosphere had no greenhouse gases. Then Earth's average surface temperature would be _______. | show 🗑
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| show | troposphere, stratosphere, thermosphere, exosphere
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| show | Because molecules scatter blue light more effectively than red light
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| Which of the following general statements about light and Earth's atmosphere is not true? | show 🗑
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| show | a region of space around a planet in which the planet's magnetic field can trap charged particles
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| show | Weather refers to short-term changes in wind, rain, and temperature, while climate refers to the long-term average of weather.
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| show | They transport heat from the equator toward the poles
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| show | a gradual brightening with time
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| show | They have thin exospheres only, with gas coming from impacts of subatomic particles and photons.
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| show | As on Earth, the seasons are caused primarily by axis tilt and orbital distance has virtually no effect.
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| Why is Mars red? | show 🗑
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| What do we mean by a runaway greenhouse effect? | show 🗑
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| show | The fact that the temperature of our planet has remained relatively steady throughout our planet's history.
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| show | The presence of ozone was crucial to the origin of life some 4 billion years ago.
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| How did molecular oxygen (O2) get into Earth's atmosphere? | show 🗑
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| show | It regulates the carbon dioxide concentration of our atmosphere, keeping temperatures moderate.
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| In the context of Earth's climate history, what do we mean by snowball Earth? | show 🗑
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| show | The entire Earth will warm up by the same amount.
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| show | They are higher in average density than are the terrestrial planets.
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| Which of the following best describes the internal layering of Jupiter, from the center outward? | show 🗑
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| show | both the Sun and their interiors, in roughly equal proportions
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| Which of the following statements comparing the jovian interiors is not thought to be true? | show 🗑
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| Overall, Jupiter's composition is most like that of ______. | show 🗑
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| Jupiter's colors come in part from its three layers of clouds. Which of the following is not the primary constituent of one of Jupiter's cloud layers? | show 🗑
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| show | They are much faster than hurricane winds on Earth.
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| What is the Great Red Spot? | show 🗑
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| show | METHANE
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| How does the strength of Jupiter's magnetic field compare to that of Earth's magnetic field? | show 🗑
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| Which of the following statements about the moons of the jovian planets is not true? | show 🗑
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| Which statement about Io is true? | show 🗑
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| show | TITAN
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| The Huygens probe took numerous pictures as it descended to Titan's surface in 2005. What did the pictures show? | show 🗑
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| show | Europa
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| Which large jovian moon is thought to have been captured into its present orbit? | show 🗑
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| show | countless icy particles, ranging in size from dust grains to large boulders
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| Which statement about planetary rings is not true? | show 🗑
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| Which of the following gases is not a significant ingredient of the jovian planet atmospheres? | show 🗑
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| Jupiter and the other jovian planets are sometimes called "gas giants." In what sense is this term misleading? | show 🗑
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| According to our theory of solar system formation, why did Uranus and Neptune end up to be much less massive than Jupiter and Saturn? | show 🗑
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| show | Jupiter is contracting very gradually.
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| What would happen to Jupiter if we could somehow double its mass? | show 🗑
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| Which planet may have helium rain in its interior, and what does this rain do? | show 🗑
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| show | The three layers represent clouds made of gases that condense at different temperatures.
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| Which of the following best why we see horizontal "stripes" in photographs of Jupiter and Saturn? | show 🗑
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| show | Temperatures on Jupiter and Saturn are too high for methane to condense.
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| Which jovian planet should have the most extreme seasonal changes? | show 🗑
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| show | The region is full of gases that become ionized after they are released from volcanoes on Io.
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| show | Jovian moons are made mostly of ice that can melt or deform at lower temperatures than can the rock and metal that make up the Moon and Mercury.
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| show | Io orbits Jupiter on an elliptical orbit, due to orbital resonances with other satellites
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| show | Astronomers have detected small lakes of liquid water on Europa's surface.
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| Which of the following is most unlikely to be found on Titan? | show 🗑
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| Why do astronomers believe that Triton is a captured moon? | show 🗑
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| Which statement about Saturn's rings is not true? | show 🗑
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| What drives the motion of the tectonic plates on Earth? | show 🗑
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| The terrestrial planet cores contain mostly metal because | show 🗑
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| show | Large impacts fractured the Moon's lithosphere, allowing lava to fill the impact basins.
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| show | plumes of hot mantle rising in a hot spot within a plate
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| show | radioactivity
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| Mars has virtually no magnetic field. | show 🗑
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| show | the process by which gravity separates materials according to density
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| The lithosphere of a planet is the layer that consists of | show 🗑
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| show | It is the only one that has both a partially molten metallic core and reasonably rapid rotation
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| show | the wearing down or building up of geological features by wind, water, ice, and other phenomena of planetary weather
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| show | because it has a more eccentric orbit in addition to its tilt
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| show | Its rotation axis is not tilted.
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| show | Its surface rocks were rusted by oxygen
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| Sunsets are red because | show 🗑
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| show | Ozone is broken apart by ultraviolet radiation.
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| show | within the thermosphere.
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| Why does Mercury have such a great change in temperature between its day and night? | show 🗑
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| show | Greenhouse gases transmit visible light, allowing it to heat the surface, but then absorb infrared light from Earth, trapping the heat near the surface
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| show | The lowest layer in the atmosphere.
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| show | Stratosphere
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| show | all of the above are true.
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| Why do Uranus and Neptune have blue methane clouds but Jupiter and Saturn do not? | show 🗑
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| show | A massive planet exerts a tidal force on a moon that causes the moon to align itself such that its tidal bulges always point toward and away from the planet.
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| show | a large gap, visible from Earth, produced by an orbital resonance with the moon Mimas
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| show | Accretion took longer further from the Sun, so the more distant planets formed their cores later and captured less gas from the solar nebula than the closer jovian planets
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| Which of the following is not due to tidal forces? | show 🗑
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| show | rotation where a body rotates faster or slower at its equator than it does at its poles
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| How does Jupiter's core compare to Earth's? | show 🗑
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| What is Jupiter's Great Red Spot? | show 🗑
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| show | False
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| show | pea-size particle from a comet
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| When do comets generally begin to form a tail? | show 🗑
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| What do asteroids and comets have in common? | show 🗑
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| What is a meteorite? | show 🗑
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| show | Pluto's Moon
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| What is astrometry? | show 🗑
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| show | all of the above
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| show | The doppler technique
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| ased on its surface temperature of 5,800 K, what color are most of the photons that leave the Sun's surface? | show 🗑
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| show | areas of the corona where magnetic field lines project into space, allowing charged particles to escape the Sun, becoming part of the solar wind
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| show | FALSE
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| show | the bubbling pattern on the photosphere produced by the underlying convection
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| show | Energy
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| show | False
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| The earliest evidence for life on Earth dates to | show 🗑
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| When did the extinction of the dinosaurs occur? | show 🗑
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
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Created by:
dreamwalker
Popular Science sets