AP Environmental Science Key Vocabulary
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| Adaptation | A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce.
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| Anthropogenic | Human-induced changes on the natural environment, either indirectly or directly.
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| Biodiversity | The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.
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| Biomass | A measure of the total amount of organisms within a particular region
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| Bottleneck effect | Occurs when a populations size is greatly reduced due to environmental events such as floods, earthquakes, or fires.
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| Colonize | The arrival of individuals to areas of suitable habitat that are currently uninhabited
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| Cultural Ecosystem Service | The non-material benefits that people obtain from ecosystems through recreation, tourism, intellectual development, spiritual enrichment, reflection and creative and aesthetic experiences.
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| ecological succession | the process by which the structure of a biological community evolves over time. Two different types of succession primary and secondary
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| Ecological Tolerance | The range of conditions in which a species can survive.
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| Ecosystem Services | Important environmental benefits, such as clean air to breathe, clean water to drink, and fertile soil in which to grow crops, that ecosystems provide to people.
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| Episodic | An unpredictable, episodic event, due to an external agent, which disrupts the state of the ecosystem causing abrupt mortality, and, hence, subtraction of biomass
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| Flow Rate | The quality, quantity, and timing of water flows required to maintain the components, functions, processes, and resilience of aquatic ecosystems which provide goods and services to people.
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| generalist species | Species with a broad ecological niche. They can live in many different places, eat a variety of foods, and tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions.
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| Genetic Diversity | the range of different inherited traits within a species
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| Habitat Diversity | the range of habitats present in a region
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| invasive species | A species that is not native to an ecosystem and causes harm.
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| Island Biogeography | biogeography that examines the factors that affect the species richness and diversification of isolated natural communities.
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| Migration | seasonal movement of animals from one region to another.
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| Natural disruption | Events in nature that occur naturally
-volcanic eruptions
-forest fires
-landslides and earthquakes
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| Periodic | Describes something that occurs or repeats at regular intervals
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| pioneer species | First species to populate an area during primary succession.
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| provisioning ecosystem services | provisioning ecosystem services
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| Random | by chance, not planned or prearranged; irregular
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| regulating ecosystem services | The benefit provided by ecosystem processes that moderate natural phenomena.
- pollination
- decomposition
- water purification
- erosion
- flood control
- climate regulation.
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| Salinity | A measure of the amount of dissolved salts in a given amount of liquid
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| secondary succession | Succession following a disturbance that destroys a community without destroying the soil
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| specialist species | Species with a narrow ecological niche. They may be able to live in only one type of habitat, tolerate only a narrow range of climatic and other environmental conditions, or use only one type or a few types of food.
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| primary succession | An ecological succession that begins in an area where no biotic community previously existed
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| species richness | the number of different species in a defined region.
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| supporting ecosystem services | Ecosystem services that are necessary for the production of all other ecosystem services.
- biomass
- production,
- production of atmospheric oxygen
- soil formation and retention
- nutrient cycling
- water cycling
- provisioning of habitat.
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