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Vocab - 7-5 Petersen Unit 6: Ch. 16-18 (North Africa and Southwest Asia)

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Word
Definition
civilization   highly developed cultures-a group of people that have developed to the point of having language, art, government, religion, etc.  
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city-state   mini-urban area + surrounding country-side villages- miniture country- small like Andorra)  
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polytheism   belief in MORE THAN ONE GOD (poly=more than one)  
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theocracy   RELIGION + GOVERNMENT - A form of GOVERNMENT in which one individual ruled as both a religious leader and king (theos-Greek term for god)  
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cuneiform   SUMERIAN WRITING SYSTEM using wedge-shaped symbols pressed into clay tablets  
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empire   group of lands under one ruler  
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delta   LAND AREA (mini-islands) formed by water washing fine particles of silt to the mouth of a river & deposited(put)-where the water exits to the sea,ocean,etc.--VERY GOOD SOIL  
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pharaoh   RULER(king/czar) of ancient Egypt  
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pyramid   huge stone structure that served as an elaborate tomb or monument  
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hieroglyphics   FORM OF WRITING that uses signs and symbols  
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papyrus   Egyptian hand-made paper  
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monotheism   belief in ONE god (mono=one)  
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covenant   agreement  
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prophet   MESSENGER of God  
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messiah   in JUDAISM/JEWS and CHRISTIANITY/CHRISTIANS, a SAVIOR OF SIN sent by God  
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disciple   follower of a specific teacher .. Those people are the disciples of Christ.  
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Five Pillars of Faith   religious obligations/requirements of Islam/Muslims  
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hajj   RELIGIOUS journey/TRIP to Makkah/Mecca by MUSLIMS are to make once during their life if possible(Mekkah,FivePillars)Of Faith, Isalm,Muslim,Koran,etc.)  
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silt   small soil particles w/lots of nutrients- (rich means nutrients(vitamins & minerals)that roots take to plant-makes good crops)  
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oasis   green grassy area in a desert-fertile (able to grow-due to an underground spring/river)  
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phosphate   MINERAL salt used in fertilizers  
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republic   strong national GOVERNMENT headed by ELECTED leaders--PEOPLE have CONTROL & not gov.  
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fellahin   Egypt FARMERS who live in villages & work on small plots of land that they RENT-NOT OWN  
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bazaar   MARKETPLACE-fresh food & goods -oid type of outdoor mall  
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service industries   type of BUSINESSES/JOBS that provide/GIVE HELP to people NOT of producing goods- ie. doctors, teachers, plumbers  
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mosque   place of WORSHIP for follower of Islam (people-Muslim/ holy book/ Koran(Quran)- Five Pillars of Faith -hajj, etc.)  
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aquifer   underground ROCK LAYER/HOLD WATER- water flows through rocks and gets trapped  
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dictatorship   GOVERNMENT under the control of ONE all-powerful leader- usually RULES BY FORCE  
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erg   huge area of shifting SAND DUNES in the SAHARA DESERT- fun place to ride a dune buggy  
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civil war   FIGHT among different groups WITHIN a country  
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secular   NON-religious (not including or involving religion in something like government, school, business, etc.--not run by religion rules)  
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casbah   ANCIENT AREAS/sections of ALGERIA cities  
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constitutional monarchy   government (CROWN+ELECTED)in which a KING/QUEEN is the official HEAD OF state/country, BUT elected officials run the government  
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migrate   to move/ROAM from one place to another-to get food  
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Bedouins   nomadic DESERT PEOPLE of Southwest Asia (not mad, they like roaming the dunes)Been roamin Beduoin? Got sand? Like buggying?  
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kibbutz   HEBREW/JEWISH SETTLEMENT in ISRAEL where the people share property & produce goods--NEIGHBORHOOD BUSINESS  
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moshav   SETTLEMENT in Israel where HEBREW/JEWISH people share property but also own some private property-one step better from the kibbutz group  
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Holocaust   systematic MURDER of millions of JEWISH HEBREW people let by HITLER- WWII 1930s to 1945  
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wadi   rare downpour of rain into a dry river bed  
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desalinization   process to make seawater drinkable- TO de-SALT take out the salt from ocean water  
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caliph   successor(2nd in line)to Muhammad-LEADER of ISLAM religion  
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alluvial plain   area that is built up by rich fertile soil left by river floods  
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embargo   order(rule)by a gov. that restricts, prohibits (doesn't allow) trade with a country (Cuba & N.Korea-due to human rights-- why China, Vietnam,& Loas are allowed-why?Ck out World Trade Organization)  
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shah   TITLE/NAME of KINGS who ruled IRAN The _____of Iran is does not like ......  
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Islamic republic   type of GOVERNMENT RUN by ISLAM RELIGIOUS LEADERS  
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