Musculoskeletal: Exercise Physiology, Kinesiology, Muscle Physiology
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| the ___ system is used for ATP production during high intensity, short duration exercise such as sprinting 100 meters | ATP-PC
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| how long does the ATP-PC system provide energy for muscle contraction? | 15 seconds
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| what three factors allow the ATP-PC system to be the most rapidly-available method of ATP production? | -doesn't depend on long series of chemical reactions
-doesn't depend on oxygen
-ATP and PC are stored directly in the muscle
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| the ___ and ___ systems are both anaerobic | ATP-PC
anaerobic glycolysis
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| the ___ system is used for ATP production during high intensity, short duration exercise such as sprinting 400-800 meters; slower than the ATP-PC system | anaerobic glycolysis
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| how long does anaerobic glycolysis provide energy for muscle contraction? | 30-40 seconds
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| anaerobic glycolysis results in the formation of ___, which causes muscle fatigue | lactic acid
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| anaerobic glycolysis only uses which two carbohydrates to generate ATP? | glycogen
glucose
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| the ___ system is used for ATP production during low intensity, long duration exercise such as running a marathon | aerobic
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| how long does the aerobic system provide energy for muscle contraction? | as long as there are nutrients to utilize (food, oxygen)
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| the ___ system provides the most ATP of any system, but requires lengthy chemical reactions and is dependent on oxygen | aerobic
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| motions in the frontal plane, such as ___ and ___, occur around the anterior-posterior axis | abduction
adduction
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| motions in the sagittal plane, such as ___ and ___, occur around the medial-lateral axis | flexion
extension
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| motions in the transverse plane, such as ___ and ___, occur around the vertical axis | medial rotation
lateral rotation
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| class ___ levers have the fulcrum between the effort/force and the resistance/load | 1
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| class ___ levers have the resistance/load between the fulcrum and the | 2
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| class ___ levers have the effort/force between the fulcrum and the resistance/load | 3
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| ___ joints are composed of bones united by fibrous tissue; non-synovial; little to no motion | fibrous
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| what are the three types of fibrous joints? | suture
syndesmosis
gomphosis
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| ___ joints, such as the sagittal suture of the skull, are a union of two bones by a ligament or membrane; allow no motion | suture
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| ___ joints, such as the tibia and fibula with the interosseous membrane, are bones connected by a dense fibrious material or cord; allow little motion | syndesmosis
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| ___ joints, such as a tooth in its socket, are two bones connecting like a peg in a socket | gomphosis
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| ___ joints are composed of bones connected by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage; slightly moveable | cartilaginous
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| what are the two types of cartilaginous joints? | synchondrosis
symphysis
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| ___ joints, such as the sternum and true rib articulation, are composed of bone connected by hyaline cartilage; allow slight motion | synchondrosis
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| ___ joints, such as the pubic symphysis, are generally located in the midline of the body and are formed by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage; allow slight motion | symphysis
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| ___ joints allow free motion of the bones they join and have five distinguishing characteristics- joint cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, and fibrous capsule | synovial
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| ___ joints, such as hinge or pivot joints, allow motion in one plane | uniaxial
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| ___ joints, such as saddle or condyloid joints, allow motion in two planes | biaxial
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| ___ joints, such as plane or ball-and-socket joints, allow motion in three planes | multi-axial
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| free nerve endings location: sensitivity: primary distribution: | location: joint capsule, ligaments, synovium, fat pads
sensitivity: one type sensitive to non-noxious stimuli; other type is sensitive to noxious mechanical or biochemical stimuli
primary distribution: all joints
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| Golgi ligament endings location: sensitivity: primary distribution: | location: ligaments, adjacent to ligaments' bony attachment
sensitivity: tension on ligaments
primary distribution: majority of joints
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| Ruffini endings location: sensitivity: primary distribution: | location: fibrous layer of joint capsule
sensitivity: stretching of joint capsule; amplitude and velocity of joint position
primary distribution: greater density in proximal joints, particularly in capsular regions
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| Pacinian corpuscles location: sensitivity: primary distribution: | location: fibrous layer of joint capsule
sensitivity: high frequency vibration, acceleration, and high velocity changes in joint position
primary distribution: all joints
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| Golgi-Mazzoni corpuscles location: sensitivity: primary distribution: | location: joint capsule
sensitivity: compression of joint capsule
primary distribution: knee joint, joint capsule
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| type ___ muscle fibers are aerobic, slow-twitch, have high capillary density and low fatigability | I
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| type ___ muscle fibers are anaerobic, fast-twitch, have low capillary density and high fatigability | II
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| ___ are found in the belly of the muscle and relay information on muscle length and/or the rate of change in its length | muscle spindles
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| ___ are found in the muscle tendon and relay information on tension in the muscle and/or the rate of change in tension | Golgi tendon organ
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