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PTA Scorebuilders
Musculoskeletal: Exercise Physiology, Kinesiology, Muscle Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the ___ system is used for ATP production during high intensity, short duration exercise such as sprinting 100 meters | ATP-PC |
| how long does the ATP-PC system provide energy for muscle contraction? | 15 seconds |
| what three factors allow the ATP-PC system to be the most rapidly-available method of ATP production? | -doesn't depend on long series of chemical reactions -doesn't depend on oxygen -ATP and PC are stored directly in the muscle |
| the ___ and ___ systems are both anaerobic | ATP-PC anaerobic glycolysis |
| the ___ system is used for ATP production during high intensity, short duration exercise such as sprinting 400-800 meters; slower than the ATP-PC system | anaerobic glycolysis |
| how long does anaerobic glycolysis provide energy for muscle contraction? | 30-40 seconds |
| anaerobic glycolysis results in the formation of ___, which causes muscle fatigue | lactic acid |
| anaerobic glycolysis only uses which two carbohydrates to generate ATP? | glycogen glucose |
| the ___ system is used for ATP production during low intensity, long duration exercise such as running a marathon | aerobic |
| how long does the aerobic system provide energy for muscle contraction? | as long as there are nutrients to utilize (food, oxygen) |
| the ___ system provides the most ATP of any system, but requires lengthy chemical reactions and is dependent on oxygen | aerobic |
| motions in the frontal plane, such as ___ and ___, occur around the anterior-posterior axis | abduction adduction |
| motions in the sagittal plane, such as ___ and ___, occur around the medial-lateral axis | flexion extension |
| motions in the transverse plane, such as ___ and ___, occur around the vertical axis | medial rotation lateral rotation |
| class ___ levers have the fulcrum between the effort/force and the resistance/load | 1 |
| class ___ levers have the resistance/load between the fulcrum and the | 2 |
| class ___ levers have the effort/force between the fulcrum and the resistance/load | 3 |
| ___ joints are composed of bones united by fibrous tissue; non-synovial; little to no motion | fibrous |
| what are the three types of fibrous joints? | suture syndesmosis gomphosis |
| ___ joints, such as the sagittal suture of the skull, are a union of two bones by a ligament or membrane; allow no motion | suture |
| ___ joints, such as the tibia and fibula with the interosseous membrane, are bones connected by a dense fibrious material or cord; allow little motion | syndesmosis |
| ___ joints, such as a tooth in its socket, are two bones connecting like a peg in a socket | gomphosis |
| ___ joints are composed of bones connected by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage; slightly moveable | cartilaginous |
| what are the two types of cartilaginous joints? | synchondrosis symphysis |
| ___ joints, such as the sternum and true rib articulation, are composed of bone connected by hyaline cartilage; allow slight motion | synchondrosis |
| ___ joints, such as the pubic symphysis, are generally located in the midline of the body and are formed by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage; allow slight motion | symphysis |
| ___ joints allow free motion of the bones they join and have five distinguishing characteristics- joint cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, and fibrous capsule | synovial |
| ___ joints, such as hinge or pivot joints, allow motion in one plane | uniaxial |
| ___ joints, such as saddle or condyloid joints, allow motion in two planes | biaxial |
| ___ joints, such as plane or ball-and-socket joints, allow motion in three planes | multi-axial |
| free nerve endings location: sensitivity: primary distribution: | location: joint capsule, ligaments, synovium, fat pads sensitivity: one type sensitive to non-noxious stimuli; other type is sensitive to noxious mechanical or biochemical stimuli primary distribution: all joints |
| Golgi ligament endings location: sensitivity: primary distribution: | location: ligaments, adjacent to ligaments' bony attachment sensitivity: tension on ligaments primary distribution: majority of joints |
| Ruffini endings location: sensitivity: primary distribution: | location: fibrous layer of joint capsule sensitivity: stretching of joint capsule; amplitude and velocity of joint position primary distribution: greater density in proximal joints, particularly in capsular regions |
| Pacinian corpuscles location: sensitivity: primary distribution: | location: fibrous layer of joint capsule sensitivity: high frequency vibration, acceleration, and high velocity changes in joint position primary distribution: all joints |
| Golgi-Mazzoni corpuscles location: sensitivity: primary distribution: | location: joint capsule sensitivity: compression of joint capsule primary distribution: knee joint, joint capsule |
| type ___ muscle fibers are aerobic, slow-twitch, have high capillary density and low fatigability | I |
| type ___ muscle fibers are anaerobic, fast-twitch, have low capillary density and high fatigability | II |
| ___ are found in the belly of the muscle and relay information on muscle length and/or the rate of change in its length | muscle spindles |
| ___ are found in the muscle tendon and relay information on tension in the muscle and/or the rate of change in tension | Golgi tendon organ |
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saram6450
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