foot and ankle
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| how many bones articulate in the foot for WB and ambulation? | show 🗑
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| show | Talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, 3 cuneiforms, 5 metatarsals, 14 phalanges
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| show | distal tibfib, talocrural, talocalcaneal
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| show | mortise joint/ 'ankle' joint. Made up of the distal tib/fib and talus - Dorsi/Plantarflex
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| talocalcaneal joint motions | show 🗑
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| show | The head of the talus* of this joint moves opposite of the rest of the bones of the foot
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| loose pack position of the foot | show 🗑
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| show | •Head of talus: adducts and plantarflexes
• Calcaneus: everts (valgus)
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| show | supination
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| show | •Head of talus: abducts and dorsiflexes
•Calcaneus: inverts
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| midtarsal joint motions | show 🗑
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| show | Talocalcaneonavicular, Cuboideonavicular, Intercuneiform, Cuneocuboid, Calcaneocuboid
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| tarsal metatarsal joints are made up of what 3 bones | show 🗑
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| what joints make up the tarsal metatarsal joints? | show 🗑
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| extrinsic mm of foot | show 🗑
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| intrinsic mm of foot | show 🗑
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| intrinsic mm of foot function | show 🗑
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| show | •Peroneus Longus and Brevis
•Extensor Hallux and Digitorum longus and Flexor hallux and digitorum
•Tibialis anterior and posterior
•Gastroc and Soleus
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| what action do foot intrinsic have? | show 🗑
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| medial collateral ligament (deltoid) | show 🗑
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| show | •supports the ankle laterally and is made up of the 3 major ligaments
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| 3 major ligaments that make up LCL | show 🗑
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| spring ligament | show 🗑
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| show | •Long and short plantar
•Plantar calcaneonavicular
•Plantar aponeurosis
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| show | •Medial longitudinal
•Lateral longitudinal
•Transverse arch - medial to lateral
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| plantar fascia function | show 🗑
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| show | Arch elevates with dorsiflexion of great toe, helps propel motion of foot
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| how many degrees of great toe DF needed for windlass | show 🗑
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| show | accepts large force loads at heel strike and reduces the impact forces with weight bearing
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| what happen if calcaneal fat pad is injured? | show 🗑
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| show | •Commonly seen with neurological conditions such as Cerebral palsy
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| show | •Commonly seen in runners and other active individuals
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| show | congenital clubfoot, or a secondary neuromuscular dysfunction
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| show | 'pigeon toes' must rule out internal rotation from the hip, can be secondary or primary
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| show | Flat foot or fallen arches; Forefoot pronation and/or rearfoot valgus
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| pes cavus | show 🗑
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| Forefoot Varus | show 🗑
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| show | everted calcaneus and usually causes an over pronated foot in weight bearing. Pes Planus
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| forefoot valgus | show 🗑
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| rearfoot varus | show 🗑
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| hallux valgus | show 🗑
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| tx for hallux valgus | show 🗑
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| hammer toes | show 🗑
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| claw toes | show 🗑
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| mallet toes | show 🗑
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| show | •Treatment usually requires significant medical management
•Serial casting
•Surgery - fixative or stabilizing:
•Triple arthrodesis
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| show | •Fusion of subtalar joint, talonavicular joint, and calcaneocuboid joint (also called hindfoot fusion)
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| show | correct deformity, eliminate instability.
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| when (age) is triple arthrodesis performed? | show 🗑
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| show | •Serial casting - to increase ROM
•Surgery- Arthrodesis, or pinning
•Joint excision for toe deformities
•Tendon transplant if muscle imbalance is contributor
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| show | •stabilize flexible deformity, increase function, decrease pain or discomfort
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| orthotics can be ___ or ____ material | show 🗑
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| show | material added to orthotic to maintain the anatomical alignment that has been built into the orthotic with casting.
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| what is posting used for? | show 🗑
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| rheumatoid arthritis | show 🗑
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| secondary OA of foot | show 🗑
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| show | stress fx
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| show | •Decrease pain and inflammation
•Increase circulation
•Splinting/orthotics to relieve weight bearing stresses and protect joints from further damage
•Teach careful self inspection for open sores
•Change shoes
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| gout | show 🗑
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| treatment of gout | show 🗑
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| show | Secondary conditions occur such as PVD, neuropathy, osteoporosis and infection
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| fractures of foot/ankle usually are ____ (simple/complex) because of the many bones and joints of the foot | show 🗑
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| show | a severe twisting injury accompanied by ligament strain or avulsion, usually an external rotation
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| show | foot is planted and the body ERs above it, May involve a fall
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| show | •immobilize in walking cast
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| how is bimalleolar pott's fx treated? (both tibia and fibula) | show 🗑
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| show | Includes two fractures on medial and lateral posterior tip of distal tibia and fracture of the fibular malleolus; Usually includes a dislocation
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| tx for trimalleolar pott's fx | show 🗑
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| show | malalignment
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| show | Decreased ROM after immobilization, biomechanical change results in compensatory ankle/foot motions, OA results
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| show | ORIF of displaced fractures is necessary, Closed reduction if the fracture is stable, Full body conditioning during immobilization
, Strengthening uninjured limb for crossover benefit, Progressive ROM, isometrics, cycling, proprioception, function
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| Long term sequelae of major ankle fracture includes: | show 🗑
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| what causes calcaneal fx? | show 🗑
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| complications of calcaneal fx | show 🗑
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| show | Treatment to follow physician's protocol; Strengthen peroneus longus; Gait retraining
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| most common areas for stress fx | show 🗑
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| show | •Repetitive motions or osteoporosis
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| symptoms of stress fx | show 🗑
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| show | •Usually heals after restricted activity for 1-3 months, return to activity must be guarded
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| show | Impingement of the posterior tibial nerve that runs along with Tom, Dick and Harry
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| show | tarsal tunnel area
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| show | Tibialis Posterior Tendon, Flexor Digitorum Longus Tendon, Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendon (tom, dick, and harry)
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| show | Complaints of burning pain with paresthesia of the heel; Sometimes confused with plantar fasciitis
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| show | 95% are lateral sprains with inversion sprain of the lateral collateral ligament
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| Complete rupture may be candidate for ____ | show 🗑
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| Loss of _____ occurs after an ankle sprain and the patient is 5x more likely to reinjure it than someone who never sprained | show 🗑
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| acute phase ankle sprain tx | show 🗑
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| show | comprehensive rehabilitation: Full WB, taping, HS stretching, proprioception, strengthen, function
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| show | presents as heel pain or arch pain
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| what causes plantar fasciitis | show 🗑
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| plantar fasciitis tx | show 🗑
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| medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS)/ shin splints | show 🗑
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| what causes MTSS (shin splints) | show 🗑
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| differential diagnostics for MTSS | show 🗑
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| show | RICE, taping, possible orthotics, modified activity
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| tendonitis is considered to be associated with | show 🗑
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| show | overpronation, and in the posterior tibialis tendon can eventually lead to rupture
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| what causes Achilles tendinopathy | show 🗑
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| tx for Achilles tendonopathy | show 🗑
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| who is Achilles rupture most common in? | show 🗑
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| what antibiotic can cause spontaneous tendon rupute? | show 🗑
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| diagnostics for Achilles rupture | show 🗑
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| show | compression of the calf muscle while observing for plantar flexion to assess the stability of the Achilles tendon
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| is Achilles rupture initially painful? | show 🗑
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| tx for Achilles tendon rupture | show 🗑
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| show | pain in the lateral four metatarsal heads
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| what causes metatarsalgia | show 🗑
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| tx for Morton's syndrome | show 🗑
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| Morton's syndrome | show 🗑
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| what does anterior drawer test for ankle test? | show 🗑
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| show | calcaneofibular lig
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