Unit 4 ap psych
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| show | is to permanently change in how we do things due to experience
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| Associative learning | show 🗑
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| Conditioning | show 🗑
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| show | type of learning where we associate 2 stimuli and anticipate events after repetion
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| Operant conditioning P1 | show 🗑
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| show | Russian Physiologist – studied digestion
Famous for coining term Classical Conditioning
Conditioned dogs to salivate at a ringing bell
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| show | a stimulus that triggers a response
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| Unconditioned response {UR} (not learned, natural response) | show 🗑
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| show | a stimulus that has been paired with the {US} and has no response or causes
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| show | A previously (NS) that is paired with {US} and result,triggers a conditioned response.
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| show | a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus (NS) but now a conditioned stimulus
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| Operant Conditioning (voluntary aka your choice ) | show 🗑
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| show | Classical Conditioning with Humans
“Give me a dozen healthy infants allow me to control their environment and I can turn them into whatever I want” –John Watson
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| Edward Thorndike | show 🗑
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| Stimulus Generalization | show 🗑
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| show | Response to a specific thing
EX: dinner bell
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| show | Dog stops responding to bell because food (US) is never paired with the bell (CS) after the initial learning
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| show | Can only occur after extinction
EX:Response to bell appears at a random time after extinction
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| Higher Order Pairing Also called second-order conditioning | show 🗑
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| Mary Cover Jones | show 🗑
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| Desensitization Therapy | show 🗑
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| show | Coined Operant Conditioning
Focus on Reinforcements
Skinner Box
Explained Superstitious Behaviors
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| Shaping | show 🗑
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| Chaining | show 🗑
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| Instinctive Drift | show 🗑
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| show | Reinforcements = encourages behaviors to be repeated
Not one size fits all – what is reinforcing for one person/animal many not be to another
Ability to Use
Primary Reinforcement = ex: food, clothing
Secondary Reinforcement = ex: money, token econ
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| show | Add pleasant stimulus
Examples
Complete chores for money
Arriving at work on time to receive praise and a pay raise from your boss
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| show | Avoid/Stop unpleasant stimulus
Escape and Avoidance Learning
Examples
Driving speed limit to avoid ticket
Hitting the snooze button to shut off an annoying alarm
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| Instinctive Drift | show 🗑
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| Punishment | show 🗑
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| show | Add something unpleasant to the situation
Ex: Spray water on a barking dog
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| show | Take away something pleasant
Omission training
Ex: Take away driving privileges
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| Fixed Ratio | show 🗑
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| Variable Ratio | show 🗑
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| show | Reinforcement after a set period of time
Ex: Weekly Exam
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| Variable Interval | show 🗑
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| show | the passive resignation a person/animal acquires when unable to avoid repeated aversive events
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| Albert Bandura | show 🗑
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| show | The perception that chance or outside forces beyond our personal direction determine our fate
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| show | The perception that we direct and create our own fate
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| show | Our sense of impaction and direction on our environment rather than feeling helpless
Our belief in our level of control can determine our choice in coping responses
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| show | Attempt to alleviate stress directly – by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor
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| Emotion-Focused Coping | show 🗑
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| show | -A desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment
- Excessive reward can destroy intrinsic motivation with the overjustification effect
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| show | - A desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake
-Interest in subject – if there were not grade at stake, would you still be curious to learn the material
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| show | A sudden realization of a problem’s solution
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| Latent Learning | show 🗑
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| Continuous Reinforcement | show 🗑
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| Partial Reinforcement | show 🗑
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| Effective If | show 🗑
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| Drawbacks | show 🗑
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