AP Psych: Classical Conditioning
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| conditioning | reaction to an object or event by a person or animal can be modified by "learning"
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| unconditioned stimulus (UCS) | an event that elicits a certain predictable response without previous training
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| unconditioned response (UCR) | the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
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| neutral stimulus | any stimulus that produces no conditioned response prior to learning
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| conditioned stimulus (CS) | originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an UCS, triggers a CR
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| conditioned response (CR) | the learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS)
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| acquisition | initial learning of associative relationship; in classical conditioning, when CS is paired with UCS to produce the CR; in operant conditioning, the strengthening of a reinforced response
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| extinction | the diminishing of a CR; in classical conditioning when the UCS doesn't follow a CS; in operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced
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| spontaneous recovery | reappearance, after a rest period, of a previously extinguished CR
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| generalization | the tendency to respond to stimuli similar to the CS
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| discrimination | the ability to perceive and respond to differences among stimuli
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| higher order learning | when CS regularly creates CR, it can be paired with another stimulus for additional conditioning
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| Ivan Pavlov | russian physiologist who described classical conditioning after landmark study with dogs
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| John Watson | founder of behaviorist perspective; conducted "little albert" experiment involving fear conditioning
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