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Vocab: LP1
AP Psych: Classical Conditioning
Term | Definition |
---|---|
conditioning | reaction to an object or event by a person or animal can be modified by "learning" |
unconditioned stimulus (UCS) | an event that elicits a certain predictable response without previous training |
unconditioned response (UCR) | the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) |
neutral stimulus | any stimulus that produces no conditioned response prior to learning |
conditioned stimulus (CS) | originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an UCS, triggers a CR |
conditioned response (CR) | the learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS) |
acquisition | initial learning of associative relationship; in classical conditioning, when CS is paired with UCS to produce the CR; in operant conditioning, the strengthening of a reinforced response |
extinction | the diminishing of a CR; in classical conditioning when the UCS doesn't follow a CS; in operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced |
spontaneous recovery | reappearance, after a rest period, of a previously extinguished CR |
generalization | the tendency to respond to stimuli similar to the CS |
discrimination | the ability to perceive and respond to differences among stimuli |
higher order learning | when CS regularly creates CR, it can be paired with another stimulus for additional conditioning |
Ivan Pavlov | russian physiologist who described classical conditioning after landmark study with dogs |
John Watson | founder of behaviorist perspective; conducted "little albert" experiment involving fear conditioning |