Bio205 Chapter 7 Definitions
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| A substance capable of killing microorganisms | Biocide/Germicide
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| A treatment capable of inhibitingn bacterial growth | Bacteriostasis
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| The presence of a toxin or pathogenic organism in blood and tissue | Sepsis
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| The absence of contamination by unwanted organisms | Asepsis
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| The temperature required to kill all the bacteria in a liquid culture in 10 minutes | Thermal Death Point
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| The length of time required to kill all bacteria in a liquid culture at a given temperature | Thermal Death Time
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| The time (in minutes) required to kill 90% of a bacterial population at a given temperature; also called D value | Decimal Reduction Time
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| Equipment for steralization by steam under pressure, usually operated at 15psi and 121C | Autoclave
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| The process of mild heating to kill particular spoilage microorganisms or pathogens | Pasteurization
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| Heat resistant | Thermoduric
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| Pasteurizing at 72C for 15 seconds | High Temperature Short-Time pasteurization
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| A method of treating food with high temperatures 140-150C for very short times to make the food sterile so that it can be stored at room temperature | Ultra-High Temperature
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| Different methods that have the same effect on controlling microbial growth | Equivalent Treatments
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| The process of sterilizing an inoculating loop by holding it in an open flame | Flaming
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| Sterilization by the use of an oven at 170C for approx. 2 hours | Hot-Air Sterilization
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| A screenlike material that removes particles larger than 0.3um from air | High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) Filters
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| A screenlike material with pores small enough to retain microorganism; a 0.45um filter retains most bacteria | Membrane Filters
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| The removal of water | Desiccation
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| High-energy radiation with a wavelength less than 1nm; causes ionization. Xrays and gamma rays are examples | Ionizing Radiation
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| Short-wavelength radiation that does not cause ionization (UV) | Nonionizing Radiation
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| Electromagnetic radiation | Microwaves
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| A method of determining the effectiveness of a disinfectant using serial dilutions | Use-Dilution Test
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| An agar-diffusion test to determine microbial ssceptibility to chemotherapeutic agets; also called Kirby-Bauer | Disk-Diffusion Method
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| Phenol
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| Phenolics
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| Bisphenols
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| Halogens
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| Iodophor
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| Alcohols
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| Oligodynamic Action
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| Surfactants/Surface-Active Agents
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| Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (Quats)
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| Nitrosamines
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| Aldehydes
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| Plasma
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| Peroxygens
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