Blood and Lymphatic System
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| Blood systems | transport O2, nutrients and hormones; carries wastes and CO2 from the cells
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| Lymphatic systems | protects the body by clearing foreign bodies; supports immune response; maintains internal fluid environment and carries fat away from digestive organs
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| blast/o | germ or bug
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| chrom/o & chromat/o | color
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| chyl/o | juice
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| morph/o | form
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| myel/o | bone marrow or spinal cord
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| reticul/o | a net
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| plasma | liquid portion of blood and nymph; has water, proteins and cellular components
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| serum | what remain after clotting
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| granulocytes | a group of leukocytes that have granules in their cytoplasm; neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils
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| neutrophils/ polymorphonuclear leukocyte | granular; fight infection by swallowing bacteria
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| basophil | named for dark stain on granules; brings anticoagulant substances to inflamed tissues; elevates allergic reactions
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| eosinophils | rose colored granules; fight substances related to parasitic infection that have been flagged for destruction by your immune system. Regulating inflammation
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| monocyte | agranulocyte; performs phagocytosis
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| lymphocyte | active in the process of immunity; B cells, T cells and natural killer cells
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| thymus | primary gland of the lymphatic system; superior to the heart; produces T lymphocytes
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| spleen | filters out aging blood cells, cell debris and provides an environment for immune activation
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| lacteals | specialized vessels in the small intestine that absorbs fat into the bloodtsream
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| chyle | white or pale yellow substance in lymph that contains fatty substances absorbed by the lacteals
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| lymph ducts | carries lymph from lymph nodes to veins; right lymphatic and thoracic
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| active immunity | long-lasting immunity that results from stimulating the body to produce its own antibodies; naturally vs. artificially
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| passive immunity | short term immunity; naturally placenta to fetus or artificially by injecting serum containing antibodies
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| microcytosis | presence of small red blood cells
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| macrocytosis | big red blood cells
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| anisocytosis | presence of red blood cells of unequal size
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| poikilocytosis | presence of large, irregularly shaped RBCs
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| reticulocytosis | immature erythrocytes in the blood
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| erythropenia | reduced number of RBCs
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| lymphcytopenia | reduced number of lymphocytes
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| neutropenia | decreased number of neutrophils
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| pancytopenia | reduced number of cellular components in the blood
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| thrombocytopenia | decreased number of platelets in the blood
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| lymphadenopathy | enlarged (disease) lymph nodes
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| splenomegaly | big spleen
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| AIDS | caused by HIV; renders immune cells ineffective
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| anemia | diminished ability to carry oxygen
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| aplastic anemia | failure of bone marrow to produce RBCs
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| iron deficiency anemia | lack of iron in blood; affects production of hemoglobin
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| pernicious anemia | inadequate supply of B12, causing RBCs become large, varied in shape and reduced in number
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| erythroblastosis fetalis | a disorder that results from the incompatibility of a fetus with Rh-positive blood and a mother with Rh-negative blood, causing RBC destruction in the fetus. Requires blood transfusion
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| Rh factor | antigen on surface of RBCs; derived from Rhesus monkey
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| hemochromatosis | excessive build up of iron deposits in the body
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| leukemia | cancerous disease of blood forming organs, abnormal leukocytes in blood and bone marrow
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| myelodysplasia | disorder w/i bone marrow characterized by proliferation of abnormal stem cells
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| lymphoma | neoplastic disorder of lymph tissue; usually malignant
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| polycythemia | increased number of RBCs and Hgb
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| phlebotomy/venomtomy | incision into or puncture of a vein to withdraw blood for testing
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| BMP | tests for Ca, CO2, Cl, creatinine, glucose, K+, Na+, and blood urea nitrogen
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| CMP | in addition to BMP, tests for albumin, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, protein, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase
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| CD4 cell count | used to monitor course of HIV; normal range is 600-1500 in a given volume of blood
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| partial thromboplastin time | test to determine coagulation defects
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| prothrombin time | test to measure activity of prothrombin in the blood
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| hematocrit | percentage of packed RBCs in a given volume of blood
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