PSU Psychology 100 Exam 2 (Crosby)
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| show | Least Energy for correct stimulus to detect 50% of the Time.
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| Just Noticeable Difference | show 🗑
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| show | experience/expectations
-listening to your favorite song bc you know how you'll feel
-past experiences
-Perception
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| show | Making new sense of new material
-hearing a new song for the first time
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| Perception | show 🗑
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| show | Activation of receptors in various sense organs- allowing outside stimuli to become neural signals in the brain
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| Habituation Adaptation | show 🗑
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| Sensory Adaptation | show 🗑
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| show | Cornea
Iris
Pupil
Lens
Retina
(CIP LR)
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| Cornea | show 🗑
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| Iris | show 🗑
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| show | When light enters interior of the eye
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| show | helps to focus light to the retina
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| Visual Accommodation | show 🗑
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| show | -Contains photo receptor cells
-light gets covered to electrical impulses
-3 Layers
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| show | 1) Light passes through ganglion and bipolar cells
2)reaches and stimulates rods and cones
3)Nerve impulses from rods and cones travel alone a nerve pathway to the brain
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| show | Light
Sensory Impulse
Visual Cortex in occipital lobe
then decisions are made
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| Dark Adaption | show 🗑
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| show | recovery of the eyes sensitivity to visual stimuli in light after exposure to darkness
(Dark to Light)
-happens really quickly within a matter of seconds
-Involved with Cones
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| After image | show 🗑
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| show | Three colors- blue green red
firing rates of cones and color
based on how much of each of the colored cones are activated
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| Opponent Process Theory | show 🗑
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| Color Blindness | show 🗑
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| Monochrome Blindness | show 🗑
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| Protanopia | show 🗑
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| Tritanopia | show 🗑
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| Why do more males suffer from color blindness? | show 🗑
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| Touch | show 🗑
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| Kinesthetic Sense | show 🗑
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| show | movement/body position/balance
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| Motion Sickness | show 🗑
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| The Basics of Perception | show 🗑
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| show | Tendency to perceive things a certain way because previous experiences or expectations influence those perceptions
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| show | Figure Ground, proximity, Similarity, Closure, Continuity, Contiguity, Common Area
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| show | ability to perceive world in 3 dimensions
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| show | cues for perceiving depth based on one eye
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| show | cues for perceiving depth based on two eyes
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| show | rotation of eyes to focus on one single subject
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| show | eyes don't see same image bc of the distance they are from echother
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| show | Perception that does not respond to reality
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| Learning | show 🗑
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| Pavlov's Classical Conditioning | show 🗑
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| Basic Principles in Classical Conditioning | show 🗑
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| show | Tendency to respond with conditioned response to something that is only similar so the stimulus
(Dogs salvating to a similar tone)
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| show | Tendency to stop making this generalized response because the similar stimulus is NEVER paired with the real conditioned stimuli
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| High-Order Conditioning | show 🗑
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| show | emotional response that has become classically conditioned by stimuli
-advertisement of things that make you happy so you are happy when u watch it
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| show | watching something happen but creating a conditioned response from it even though it isn't happening to you
-Seeing kids crying getting a shot and you start crying before you get your shot
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| show | development of nausea in response to a specific taste since the taste was one followed by a bad experience
-(Oreo Fudge)
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| show | Tendency of animals to learn certain associates with only one or a few pairings due to the survival value of learning
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| Pavlov beleived classical conditioning worked because.. | show 🗑
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| Rods | show 🗑
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| show | When a dog heres a bell..... It expects food..... so dog salivates
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| show | Voluntary behavior learned through consequences
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| show | response followed by pleasurable consequences are repeated
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| show | Operant Conditioning
studied observable measurable behavior
learning depends on the consequences
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| Reinforcement | show 🗑
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| Positive Reinforcement | show 🗑
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| show | Taking away for a good thing
(taking away chores if you get a good grade)
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| show | reinforcement after some but not all correct responses
-stronger response
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| Continuous Reinforcement | show 🗑
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| show | how many times you respond
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| Partial Reinforcement Interval | show 🗑
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| show | same response--> same reinforcement
for every 5 toys made, 20$ recieved
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| show | # of responses until reinforcements varies
participant rapid rate without pauses
(SLOT MACHINES- you don't know when they will pay out)
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| show | Always same time before reinforcement opportunity
-long pauses after reinforcement
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| Variable Interval | show 🗑
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| show | Any consequence that make a response less likely to occur
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| show | Adding unpleasant stimulus
(Adding Chores, Spanking, Speeding Ticket)
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| show | -taking away pleasant stimulus
(Taking away phone, car keys, or things you like)
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| show | -Fear/Anxiety
-Lying
-Avoidance
-Modeling of Aggression
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| Shaping | show 🗑
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| show | understanding why punishment is different in things
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| show | Apply things that work in one thing to other things
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| Cognitive Learning Theory | show 🗑
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| Tolmans Latent Learning | show 🗑
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| show | -Kohler
-Sudeen perception of relationship among various parts of the problem allowing solution of problem to come quickly
-worked with chimpanzees
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| show | Tendency to fail to act to escape from a situation because of repeated failures
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| Restorative Theory | show 🗑
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| show | figures out what we retain while we sleep
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| show | Provide access to the unconscious. Include manifest and latent content.
-Happens during REM sleep
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| show | The actual content of the dream
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| show | The hidden meaning of the dream
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| Narcolepsy | show 🗑
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| Insomnia | show 🗑
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| show | Bad dreams arousing feelings of horror, helplessness, extreme sorrow, etc. (occurs during REM sleep-Second Half of The Night)
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| REM Behavior Disorder | show 🗑
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| show | Person stops breathing for short periods of sleep
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| REM SLEEP | show 🗑
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| show | Eyes move under eyelids, increase in body functions, 90% of dreaming, REM paralysis
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| show | Light sleep, hypnic jerk, hypnagogic images
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| show | Temperature, breathing, and heart rate decrease, sleep spindles
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| show | Growth hormones released, hard to wake up
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| Night Terrors | show 🗑
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| show | Occurs during deep sleep (stage 3). Moving around or walking in ones sleep @
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