Bones and skeletal tissues
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show | Layer of dense irregular ct surrounding developing boneachts as girdle to resist outward expansioncontains blood vessles nutrient diffuse through marix to reach cartilage cells
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3 types of cartilage | show 🗑
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how many named bones form the human skeleton? | show 🗑
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Axial Skeleton | show 🗑
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show | Consists of upper and lover limbs, Girdles (attach appendicular bones to Axial)
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4 types of bones | show 🗑
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Long Bones | show 🗑
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Short Bones | show 🗑
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show | Thin, flattened, bit curved- sternum scpapulae, ribs, skull
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show | Complicated shape, hip bones vertebra
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show | Support, protections, movement, mineral and growth factor storage, blood cell formation, triglyceride storage
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show | stress from muscles attached and pulling, or are modified surfaces where bone meet and make joints
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show | Passage of nerves and Blood vessles
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show | large rounded projection;may be roughened
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Epicondyle= raised area on or above condyleSpine= sharp slender often pointed projectionsProcess= any bone prominenceHead= bony expansion carried on narrow neckFacet=smooth nearly flat articular surfaceCondyle=rounded articular projectionRam | show 🗑
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Trochanter | show 🗑
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Line | show 🗑
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show | small rounded projection
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show | raised area on or above condyle
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show | sharp slender often pointed projections
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show | any bone prominence
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show | bony expansion carried on narrow neck
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show | smooth nearly flat articular surface
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show | rounded articular projection
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Ramus | show 🗑
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show | furrow
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show | narrow slit like opening
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show | round oval opening through bone
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Notch | show 🗑
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show | clanal like passage way
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show | cavity with in bone, filled with air lined mucous membrane
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Fossa | show 🗑
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Fovea | show 🗑
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show | main part
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Neck | show 🗑
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Margin or border | show 🗑
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Angle | show 🗑
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Compact bone tissue | show 🗑
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Spongy bone tissue | show 🗑
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Diaphysis of Long Bone | show 🗑
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show | Bone ends usually more expanded than diaphysis
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show | Disk of hyaline cartilage that grows during childhood to lengthen bone and the fuses at growth maturity
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2 Layers of Periosteum | show 🗑
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show | 1. Osteoblasts-secreate bone matrix elemens (bone Germinators) 2. Osteoclasts-destroys and reabsorbs “dead” bone (bone breaker 3. Osteogenic- cells-primitave stem cells gives rise to osteoblasts
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Nutrient Foramen | show 🗑
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Endosteum | show 🗑
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Short, irregular, and flat bones consist of? | show 🗑
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show | elongated cylinder oriented parallel to long axis of bone Tiny weight pillars, structural unit of compact bone tissue.
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Concentric Lamellae of Osteon | show 🗑
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Central Canal (haversian Canal) of Osteon | show 🗑
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show | cell body is in lacuna btwn the concentric lamellae. cytoplasmic processes extend from the cell body of each osteocyte.->canaliculi. Canaliculi connect lacuna to each other and to central canal and to central canal
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show | run transversly contain blood vessels n nerves, connect blood and nerve supply to the periosteum and in central and medullary canals
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Interstitial Lamellae | show 🗑
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show | Trabeculae large spaces, align at lines of stress reinforces like buttresses, no concentric lamellae, mo osteons, receives nutrients through canaliculi from capillaries in endosteum
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show | osteogenic,osteoblasts,osteocytes,osteoclasts,osteoid
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osteoid | show 🗑
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Organic Components of Bone contribute to what? | show 🗑
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Hydroxyapatite crystals (hydroxyapatites) | show 🗑
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show | Process of bone formation, leads to formation of bony skeleton in embryo, bone growth, and bone remodeling/repair
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show | 8
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show | intramembranous ossification
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show | bone development that involves replacement of hyaline cartilage
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show | Cranial Clavicles.. flat bones
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show |
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Steps in Endochondral Ossification | show 🗑
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After secondary ossification is complete, hyaline cartilage remains in 2 places? | show 🗑
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show | 1. Proliferation Zone- Cartilage cells ->mitosis. 2. hypertrophy-older cartilage cells enlarge. 3. Calcification- Matrix->calcified, Carilage cells die matrix deteriorates.4 ossification-new bone formation
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During growth How does the epiphyseal plate maintain a constant thickness | show 🗑
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Longitudinal growth is accompanied by almost continuous what? | show 🗑
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Appositional growth | show 🗑
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show | secreat bone matrix
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show | remove bone on endosteal surface
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Growth Hormones | show 🗑
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The endire skeleton is replaced every? | show 🗑
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2 processes of BONE REMODELING | show 🗑
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Where does bone deposit occur? | show 🗑
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show | Proteins, Vitamins C D A , Minerals (calcium phosphorus)
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Control loops that regulate bone remodeling? | show 🗑
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show | parathyroid hormone produced by parathyroid gland when ionic calcium levels in blood decline. Increased hormone level stimulates osteoclasts to reabsorb bone
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show | Bone grows or remodels in response to demands placed on it. Bone’s anatomy reflects common stressors encountered
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show | deforming a bone produces an electrical current, current stimulates osteoblasts to deposit osteoid
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Fracture | show 🗑
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show | Injury
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Pathologic (spontaneous) fracture | show 🗑
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show | bone ends normal position v bone ends out of normal alignment
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show | broken through v part of way through
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show | bone penetrate skin v bone doesn’t penetrate skin
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show | 1. hematoma forms. 2. fibrocartillagenous callus forms. 3. bon1y callus forms. 4. bone remodeling occurs
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show | “soft bones” are inadequately mineralized. Caused by Ca/vit d def
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show | childhood form of osteomalacia can result in deformities in hips pelvis skull and ribcage
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Osteoporosis | show 🗑
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