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Bones and skeletal tissues

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Question
Answer
show Layer of dense irregular ct surrounding developing boneachts as girdle to resist outward expansioncontains blood vessles nutrient diffuse through marix to reach cartilage cells  
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3 types of cartilage   show
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how many named bones form the human skeleton?   show
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Axial Skeleton   show
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show Consists of upper and lover limbs, Girdles (attach appendicular bones to Axial)  
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4 types of bones   show
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Long Bones   show
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Short Bones   show
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show Thin, flattened, bit curved- sternum scpapulae, ribs, skull  
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show Complicated shape, hip bones vertebra  
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show Support, protections, movement, mineral and growth factor storage, blood cell formation, triglyceride storage  
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show stress from muscles attached and pulling, or are modified surfaces where bone meet and make joints  
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show Passage of nerves and Blood vessles  
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show large rounded projection;may be roughened  
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Epicondyle= raised area on or above condyleSpine= sharp slender often pointed projectionsProcess= any bone prominenceHead= bony expansion carried on narrow neckFacet=smooth nearly flat articular surfaceCondyle=rounded articular projectionRam   show
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Trochanter   show
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Line   show
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show small rounded projection  
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show raised area on or above condyle  
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show sharp slender often pointed projections  
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show any bone prominence  
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show bony expansion carried on narrow neck  
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show smooth nearly flat articular surface  
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show rounded articular projection  
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Ramus   show
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show furrow  
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show narrow slit like opening  
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show round oval opening through bone  
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Notch   show
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show clanal like passage way  
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show cavity with in bone, filled with air lined mucous membrane  
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Fossa   show
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Fovea   show
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show main part  
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Neck   show
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Margin or border   show
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Angle   show
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Compact bone tissue   show
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Spongy bone tissue   show
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Diaphysis of Long Bone   show
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show Bone ends usually more expanded than diaphysis  
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show Disk of hyaline cartilage that grows during childhood to lengthen bone and the fuses at growth maturity  
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2 Layers of Periosteum   show
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show 1. Osteoblasts-secreate bone matrix elemens (bone Germinators) 2. Osteoclasts-destroys and reabsorbs “dead” bone (bone breaker 3. Osteogenic- cells-primitave stem cells gives rise to osteoblasts  
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Nutrient Foramen   show
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Endosteum   show
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Short, irregular, and flat bones consist of?   show
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show elongated cylinder oriented parallel to long axis of bone Tiny weight pillars, structural unit of compact bone tissue.  
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Concentric Lamellae of Osteon   show
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Central Canal (haversian Canal) of Osteon   show
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show cell body is in lacuna btwn the concentric lamellae. cytoplasmic processes extend from the cell body of each osteocyte.->canaliculi. Canaliculi connect lacuna to each other and to central canal and to central canal  
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show run transversly contain blood vessels n nerves, connect blood and nerve supply to the periosteum and in central and medullary canals  
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Interstitial Lamellae   show
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show Trabeculae large spaces, align at lines of stress reinforces like buttresses, no concentric lamellae, mo osteons, receives nutrients through canaliculi from capillaries in endosteum  
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show osteogenic,osteoblasts,osteocytes,osteoclasts,osteoid  
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osteoid   show
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Organic Components of Bone contribute to what?   show
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Hydroxyapatite crystals (hydroxyapatites)   show
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show Process of bone formation, leads to formation of bony skeleton in embryo, bone growth, and bone remodeling/repair  
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show 8  
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show intramembranous ossification  
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show bone development that involves replacement of hyaline cartilage  
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show Cranial Clavicles.. flat bones  
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show  
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Steps in Endochondral Ossification   show
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After secondary ossification is complete, hyaline cartilage remains in 2 places?   show
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show 1. Proliferation Zone- Cartilage cells ->mitosis. 2. hypertrophy-older cartilage cells enlarge. 3. Calcification- Matrix->calcified, Carilage cells die matrix deteriorates.4 ossification-new bone formation  
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During growth How does the epiphyseal plate maintain a constant thickness   show
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Longitudinal growth is accompanied by almost continuous what?   show
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Appositional growth   show
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show secreat bone matrix  
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show remove bone on endosteal surface  
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Growth Hormones   show
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The endire skeleton is replaced every?   show
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2 processes of BONE REMODELING   show
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Where does bone deposit occur?   show
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show Proteins, Vitamins C D A , Minerals (calcium phosphorus)  
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Control loops that regulate bone remodeling?   show
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show parathyroid hormone produced by parathyroid gland when ionic calcium levels in blood decline. Increased hormone level stimulates osteoclasts to reabsorb bone  
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show Bone grows or remodels in response to demands placed on it. Bone’s anatomy reflects common stressors encountered  
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show deforming a bone produces an electrical current, current stimulates osteoblasts to deposit osteoid  
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Fracture   show
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show Injury  
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Pathologic (spontaneous) fracture   show
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show bone ends normal position v bone ends out of normal alignment  
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show broken through v part of way through  
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show bone penetrate skin v bone doesn’t penetrate skin  
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show 1. hematoma forms. 2. fibrocartillagenous callus forms. 3. bon1y callus forms. 4. bone remodeling occurs  
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show “soft bones” are inadequately mineralized. Caused by Ca/vit d def  
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show childhood form of osteomalacia can result in deformities in hips pelvis skull and ribcage  
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Osteoporosis   show
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