INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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have fixed compositions and distinct properties. | show 🗑
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deals with Matter its composition, properties and its reactions | show 🗑
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anything that occupies space and has mass | show 🗑
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quantity of matter that it contains. | show 🗑
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are substances that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical means. They are the basic substances out of which all matter is composed | show 🗑
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are the substances composed of two or more elements united chemically in definite proportions by mass. They can be decomposed by chemical means into simpler elements. | show 🗑
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show | Mixtures
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show | Homogeneous mixtures
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Compositions of mixtures can vary continuously. | show 🗑
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are substances whose composition, properties and appearance differ throughout. | show 🗑
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vinegar, brine, syrup, blood, air, rain, natural gas | show 🗑
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show | Heterogeneous mixtures
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also known as suspension (particularly when they are in liquid form) | show 🗑
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2 or more elements that have been held together by chemical bonds | show 🗑
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1 phase (either solid, liquid, gas) | show 🗑
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show | Triads
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show | Triads
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show | Physical properties:
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refer to the characteristics that enable one to distinguish one substance from another. | show 🗑
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rusting metal, burning fuel, milk turning sour | show 🗑
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show | Physical change
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involves the transformation or change of one kind of matter into another; it results in the formation of a new substance with different properties | show 🗑
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) is organized so scientists can quickly discern the properties of individual elements such as their mass, electron number, electron configuration and their unique chemical properties | show 🗑
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left side of the table | show 🗑
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reside on the right side of the table | show 🗑
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How many vertical rows in the periodic table? | show 🗑
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How many families in each group? | show 🗑
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How many horizontal rows? | show 🗑
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The 6 periods end with??? | show 🗑
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show | . Non-metal
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occupy a narrow band between the metal and non-metals like silicon and germanium. | show 🗑
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show | Octaves
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Used the concept of the triads and octaves and devised a way to categorize elements | show 🗑
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show | Ionic Compound
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show | covalent compounds
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show | Ions
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show | Cations
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species with overall negative charges | show 🗑
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formed only when electrons move from one atom to another | show 🗑
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Compounds formed from positive and negative ions | show 🗑
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Individual atoms can gain or lose electrons | show 🗑
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each element that forms cations is... | show 🗑
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metals tend to form cations, while nonmetals tend to form anions | show 🗑
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Every element in the first column forms a cation with... | show 🗑
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Every element in the second column forms a cation with charge... | show 🗑
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show | 2- charge
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show | 1- charge.
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Involves sharing of electrons | show 🗑
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Atoms can gain a full valence shell (electron) by either sharing electron (covalent bonding) or by transferring electron (ionic bonding) | show 🗑
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are substances which are made of more than one atom or element | show 🗑
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show | chemical bonds
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show | valence electrons
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show | G.N. Lewis
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show | Dots
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consists of the symbol for the element and a dot(s) to represent the outermost electron(s) in the atom. | show 🗑
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the completion of the maximum 8 number of electrons. | show 🗑
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results from the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions, the action and the anion | show 🗑
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show | Ionic Bond
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arises from the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms which have the same tendency to give or pick up electrons | show 🗑
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when a non-metallic element combines with another non-metallic element, electrons are neither gained nor lost by the atoms but are shared. | show 🗑
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combination of symbols for atoms or ions that are held together chemically. | show 🗑
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show | Oxidation Number or Oxidation State
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show | True
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The atom that is more electropositive has the positive oxidation number and the atom that is more electronegative has the negative oxidation number | show 🗑
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show | Binary compounds
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show | anion group.
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show | ternary compounds.
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show | “Classical System”
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cation with the lower oxidation state is modified to end in | show 🗑
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cation with the higher oxidation state will end in | show 🗑
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the English name of the metal is used but the oxidation state is indicated by a Roman numeral enclosed in parentheses | show 🗑
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are certain molecular compounds in which hydrogen is combined with a second nonmetallic element | show 🗑
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show | Ionization
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a substance that breaks up into ions in solution | show 🗑
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if a substance completely ionized | show 🗑
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if a substance is only partially ionized | show 🗑
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show | Weak acid or base –
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one that is completely ionized | show 🗑
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show | Amphiprotic or amphoteric
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a solution which contains a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base or conjugate acid. It has a remarkable property of maintaining an almost constant pH even though a strong acid or base is added to the solution | show 🗑
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show | Alkalosis –
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– low pH of blood | show 🗑
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weak acids and bases are written in molecular form, and strong acids and bases are written in the form of ions | show 🗑
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. shows only those ions that actually undergone a chemical change | show 🗑
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ions which do not undergo any change | show 🗑
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show | Acids
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Has a sour taste | show 🗑
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Neutralizes base | show 🗑
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show | Acids
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Has a bitter, biting taste | show 🗑
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show | Base
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Neutralizes acids | show 🗑
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Turns litmus paper to blue | show 🗑
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show | Sulfuric acid
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show | Hydrochloric acid
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It is used to make fertilizers and explosives | show 🗑
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show | Phosphoric acid
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The acid in vinegar is dilute acetic acid | show 🗑
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show | Citric acid
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It is found in carbonated drinks | show 🗑
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show | Sodium hydroxide
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show | Potassium hydroxide
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show | Magnesium Hydroxide
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show | Aluminum hydroxide
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show | Ammonium hydroxide
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show | pH meter
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show | 7.35 – 7.45
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pH less than 7.35 | show 🗑
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show | alkalosis
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show | Neutralization
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show | Neutralization
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the point where an acid or base has been added in amounts equivalent to each other | show 🗑
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show | Titration
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show | Standard solution –
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show | End point –
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Power of hydroxide | show 🗑
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if pH = 7 | show 🗑
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show | solution is basic
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if pH = less than 7 | show 🗑
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show | pH
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Non-metal oxide | show 🗑
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non-metal + water = | show 🗑
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show | Basic Anyhydride
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show | Acid Anhydride
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show | Basic Anyhydride
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show | metal hydroxide (base)
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show | pH and POH concepts
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show | Acids
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decrease the concentration of hydrogen ions (by accepting them) | show 🗑
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show | True
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show | Danish biochemist Sören Sörensen
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pH scale formula | show 🗑
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show | concentration
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show | [H+]
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Substances with a pH between 0 and less than 7 | show 🗑
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Lower pH means higher hydrogen ion concentration | show 🗑
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Substances with a pH greater than 7 and up to 14 | show 🗑
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show | True
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pH= 7 | show 🗑
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Solutions are homogeneous mixtures | show 🗑
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show | Solvent
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show | Solute
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The maximum amount of a substance dissolved in a given volume of solvent is called | show 🗑
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A solution that has reached the maximum solubility | show 🗑
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show | equilibrium
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Substances such as H2, O2, N2, CH4, CCl4 etc. are called | show 🗑
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s H2O, NH3, CH3OH, NO, CO, HCl, H2S, H3P etc. are called | show 🗑
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show | miscible
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solubility of methyl alcohol and water | show 🗑
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liquids that are insoluble in each other | show 🗑
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solubility of oil and water | show 🗑
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Nonpolar compounds tend to be more soluble in nonpolar solvents than in polar solvents | show 🗑
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an increase in temperature results in increased solubility. | show 🗑
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show | dilute solution
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contains a relatively large amount of solute | show 🗑
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expresses the concentration of solution as the percent of solute in a given mass of solution. | show 🗑
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show | Molality (m)
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the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. | show 🗑
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show | Normality
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show | Normality
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show | Molarity
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In a chemical reaction atom are neither created nor destroyed. All atoms present in the reactants must also be present in the products. | show 🗑
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show | Chemical equation
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show | indicates the direction of the reaction.
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The reactants are placed to the left and the products to the right of the arrow | show 🗑
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show | Plus sign
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show | Coefficient
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show | heat
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The balanced equation therefore obeys the ____________ | show 🗑
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A reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a single new substance. | show 🗑
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Also called synthesis reactions | show 🗑
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A + B ---> AB | show 🗑
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are capable of adopting multiple positive charges within their ionic compounds | show 🗑
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Starts from a single substance and produces more than one substance | show 🗑
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show | Decomposition reaction
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show | Single Displacement Reactions
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show | Double Displacement Reactions
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show | Double Displacement Reactions
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solution a system in which one or more substances are _________ or dissolved in another substances | show 🗑
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show | solute
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show | solvent
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