advanced terms related to human senses
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| weber's law | one of the basics laws of psychophysics that just a noticeable difference is in constant proportion to the intensity of an intial stimulus
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| difference threshold | the smallest level of stimulation required to sense that a change in stimulation has occured
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| just noticeable difference | the mininum stimulation required to detect the difference between two stimuli
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| retina | the part of the eye that converts the electromagentic enegry of light into useful information for the brain.
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| rods | thin cylindrical receptor cells in the retina that are highly senstive to light
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| cones | cone shaped light senstive receptor cells in the retina are responsible for sharp focus and color perception particulary in bright light
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| optic nerve | a bundle of ganglion axons that carry visual information
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| feature detection | the activation of neurons in the cortex by visual stimuli of specific shapes or pattern
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| trichromatic theory of color vision | the theory that there are three kinds of cones in the retina each of which responds primilary to a specific range of wavelengths
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| opponet process theory of color vision | the theory that receptor cells are linked in pairs working in oppostion to each other
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| eardrum | the part of the ear that vibrates when sound waves hit it
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| sound | the movement of air molecules brought by the vibration of an object
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| cochlea | a coiled tube in the ear filled with fluid that vibrates in response to sound
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| basilar membrance | a vibrating structure that runs through the center of the cochlea dividing into an upper and a lower chamber and containig sense receptors for sound
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| hair cells | tiny cells covering the basilar membrance that when bent by vibrations entering the chohela transmit neural messages to the brain
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| place theory of hearing | the theory that different areas of the basilar membrane respond to different frequiences
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| frequency theory of hearing | the theory that the entire basilar membrance acts like a microphone vibrating as a whole in response to a sound
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| semicircular canals | three tubelike structures of the inner ear containing fluid that sloshes through them when the head moves signaling rotional or angular movements to the ar
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| otoliths | tiny morion senstive crystals within the semicurlar canals that sense body accerlation
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| skin senses | the senses that include touch pressure temperature and pain
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| gate control theory of pain | the theroy that patircular nerve receptors lead to specific areas of the brain related to the brain
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| gesalt laws of organization | a series of principles that describe how we organize bits and pieces of information into meaningful pieces
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| feature analysis | a theory of perception according to which we perceive a shape pattern object or scene by reacting first to the individual elements that make it up
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| top down processing | perception that is guided by higher level knowledge experience expecations and motivations
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| bottom up processing | perecption that constists of recoginizg and processing information about the individual componets of the stimuli
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| visual illusions | physical stimuli that consistenly produce errors in perception
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| What is a phisical property? | A characteristic of a substance that can chnage without a new substance being formed.
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