BIO 202 Exam 2
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what is the name of the space in a blood vessel where blood flows | show 🗑
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show | to prevent backflow
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show | tunica adventitia, tunica media, tunica intima
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what are the functions of arteries and arterioles as well as veins, venules, and capillaries | show 🗑
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show | when the valves in veins collapse and blood begins to pool
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what is pulmonary circulation | show 🗑
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what is systemic circulation | show 🗑
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show | the sternum
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show | the pericardium
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what is the muscular layer of the heart called | show 🗑
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what type of tissue comprises the bulk of the myocardium | show 🗑
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show | endocardium
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show | grooved areas filled with fat that divide the left and right ventricles and atria
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show | between the walls of the atria
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show | the thicker wall between ventricles
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show | left and right atrium
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show | ventricles
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show | chordae tendinea
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show | when valves open backwards
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what does regurgitation refer to in terms of the heart | show 🗑
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what are the papillary muscles and their function | show 🗑
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which side of the heart has a thicker ventricular wall and why | show 🗑
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show | Vena Cava
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what is angina | show 🗑
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show | the complete obstruction of blood flow which may cause death
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show | Coronary artery bypass graft, bypassing major blocks in the blood vessels (with a vein) to the heart to improve the hearts ability to pump blood
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show | the heartbeat originates in the heart
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show | the heartbeat is regular or spontaneous depolarization
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show | SA Node
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show | Sa node, av node, av bundle (bundle of his), bundle branches, purkinje fibers
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what is the importance of the plateau in a heart cells action potential | show 🗑
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What is an ECG (EKG) | show 🗑
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What does the P-wave signify | show 🗑
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What does the P-R interval signify | show 🗑
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What does the QRS complex signify | show 🗑
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show | ventricle depolarization to ventricle repolarization
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show | ventricle repolarization (2nd small hump)
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show | Occurs when purkinje cells or ventricular myocardial cells depolarize to threshold and trigger premature contractions
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show | 4 or more PVC's without intervening normal beats
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show | atrial/ventricular contraction
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what is diastole | show 🗑
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show | heart rate X stoke volume (the amount of blood ejected by the ventricle in 1 minute
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show | a surge of pressure within the arteries
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show | when the resting HR is above 100
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bradycardia | show 🗑
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show | the amount of tension in the ventricular myocardium before it contracts
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predict the effects of chronotropic chemicals: catecholamines | show 🗑
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predict the effects of chronotropic chemicals: caffeine | show 🗑
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show | stimulates catecholamine secretions
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show | increase HR, increases sensitivity to sympathetic stimulation, and increases adrenergic receptors in the heart
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show | the contraction force for a given preload, contractility can be increased by hypercalcemia, catecholamines, glucagon, and digitalis, or decreased due to hyperklaemia and hypocalcemia
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explain how digitalis works to increase cardiac contractility | show 🗑
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show | caused by the perssure in arteries above the semilunar valves apposing the opening of valves
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show | the HR increases
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symptoms of left heart failure | show 🗑
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symptoms of right heart failure | show 🗑
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where is majority of blood distributed during exercise | show 🗑
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at rest where is majority of blood distribution in the human occurring | show 🗑
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show | the rate of blood flowing through a tissue in a given time
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show | the rate of blood flow per a given mass of tissue
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show |
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show | pressure in the arteries
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show | pressure within the capillary beds
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what is venous pressure | show 🗑
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what is TPR | show 🗑
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what is vascular resistance | show 🗑
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show | thickness or resistance caused by RBC's and albumin as well as other molecules suspended in blood
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show | a swirling action that disturbs smooth flow of liquid
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what affect TPR | show 🗑
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normal BP | show 🗑
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show | difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
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what is mean arterial pressure (MAP) | show 🗑
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show | metabolic theory of auto regulation, vasoactive chemicals, reactive hyperemia, angiogenesis
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where are baroreceptors and how do they restore homeostasis to the body | show 🗑
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what are chemoreceptors | show 🗑
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How do chemoreceptors respond to hypoxia, hypercapnia, and acidosis | show 🗑
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what are the effects of Angiotensin II | show 🗑
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where does ANP and BNP come from | show 🗑
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show | increased BP and blood volume cause release, release then causes a variety of things such as increase Na+ loss in urine, water loss in urine, reduced thirst, etc. to overall cause reduced blood volume
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