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BIO 202 Exam 2

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Term
Definition
what is the name of the space in a blood vessel where blood flows   show
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show to prevent backflow  
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show tunica adventitia, tunica media, tunica intima  
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what are the functions of arteries and arterioles as well as veins, venules, and capillaries   show
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show when the valves in veins collapse and blood begins to pool  
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what is pulmonary circulation   show
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what is systemic circulation   show
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show the sternum  
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show the pericardium  
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what is the muscular layer of the heart called   show
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what type of tissue comprises the bulk of the myocardium   show
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show endocardium  
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show grooved areas filled with fat that divide the left and right ventricles and atria  
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show between the walls of the atria  
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show the thicker wall between ventricles  
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show left and right atrium  
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show ventricles  
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show chordae tendinea  
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show when valves open backwards  
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what does regurgitation refer to in terms of the heart   show
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what are the papillary muscles and their function   show
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which side of the heart has a thicker ventricular wall and why   show
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show Vena Cava  
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what is angina   show
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show the complete obstruction of blood flow which may cause death  
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show Coronary artery bypass graft, bypassing major blocks in the blood vessels (with a vein) to the heart to improve the hearts ability to pump blood  
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show the heartbeat originates in the heart  
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show the heartbeat is regular or spontaneous depolarization  
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show SA Node  
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show Sa node, av node, av bundle (bundle of his), bundle branches, purkinje fibers  
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what is the importance of the plateau in a heart cells action potential   show
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What is an ECG (EKG)   show
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What does the P-wave signify   show
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What does the P-R interval signify   show
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What does the QRS complex signify   show
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show ventricle depolarization to ventricle repolarization  
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show ventricle repolarization (2nd small hump)  
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show Occurs when purkinje cells or ventricular myocardial cells depolarize to threshold and trigger premature contractions  
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show 4 or more PVC's without intervening normal beats  
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show atrial/ventricular contraction  
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what is diastole   show
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show heart rate X stoke volume (the amount of blood ejected by the ventricle in 1 minute  
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show a surge of pressure within the arteries  
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show when the resting HR is above 100  
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bradycardia   show
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show the amount of tension in the ventricular myocardium before it contracts  
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predict the effects of chronotropic chemicals: catecholamines   show
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predict the effects of chronotropic chemicals: caffeine   show
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show stimulates catecholamine secretions  
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show increase HR, increases sensitivity to sympathetic stimulation, and increases adrenergic receptors in the heart  
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show the contraction force for a given preload, contractility can be increased by hypercalcemia, catecholamines, glucagon, and digitalis, or decreased due to hyperklaemia and hypocalcemia  
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explain how digitalis works to increase cardiac contractility   show
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show caused by the perssure in arteries above the semilunar valves apposing the opening of valves  
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show the HR increases  
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symptoms of left heart failure   show
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symptoms of right heart failure   show
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where is majority of blood distributed during exercise   show
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at rest where is majority of blood distribution in the human occurring   show
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show the rate of blood flowing through a tissue in a given time  
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show the rate of blood flow per a given mass of tissue  
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show  
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show pressure in the arteries  
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show pressure within the capillary beds  
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what is venous pressure   show
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what is TPR   show
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what is vascular resistance   show
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show thickness or resistance caused by RBC's and albumin as well as other molecules suspended in blood  
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show a swirling action that disturbs smooth flow of liquid  
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what affect TPR   show
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normal BP   show
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show difference between systolic and diastolic pressure  
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what is mean arterial pressure (MAP)   show
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show metabolic theory of auto regulation, vasoactive chemicals, reactive hyperemia, angiogenesis  
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where are baroreceptors and how do they restore homeostasis to the body   show
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what are chemoreceptors   show
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How do chemoreceptors respond to hypoxia, hypercapnia, and acidosis   show
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what are the effects of Angiotensin II   show
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where does ANP and BNP come from   show
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show increased BP and blood volume cause release, release then causes a variety of things such as increase Na+ loss in urine, water loss in urine, reduced thirst, etc. to overall cause reduced blood volume  
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